tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-91781264244207612452024-03-14T07:35:35.823-07:00EGR 393 Circuits Lab Group 10 BlogNick Polegahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08576093897836151309noreply@blogger.comBlogger18125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9178126424420761245.post-73898474791251662352017-04-18T08:03:00.002-07:002017-04-19T09:56:33.417-07:00Week 13 Group Blog<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<b>Week 13 Group Blog</b></h2>
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<b>6. Group task: Explain your group RG setup.</b><br />
Our group's circuit will start with Nick's circuit. Nick from the previous group will lift a weight of of a button to start our circuit. Once our Nick's circuit is started, a 555 timer will start pulsing. This 555 timer is hooked up to an op amp, photocell, and a transistor. These components will make a motor spin, and then with light from a phone shining directly on the photocell, make the motor spin even faster. (See Nick's individual blog 13 post). Once this motor is spinning faster, it will be able to lift a weight off of the button that starts Mary's circuit using a pulley.<br />
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After Nick sets off my circuit I will have 3 displays showing the numbers 393. From there the displays will lead to an XOR gate. The gate will have a combination of 1 and 0 as inputs so the output will produce a 1 and that will connect to a relay. The relay will light an LED which will help to generate power to a motor. The motor will releases golf ball from behind a gate and the golf ball will travel down a ramp and hit Alec's switch which will start his circuit up.<br />
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Mary's circuit will inevitably release a golf ball to flow down a ramp which will collide into my switch and activate the circuit. It is unclear right now what is happening electrically with the circuit. However, that is a summed up version of the mechanical process.</div>
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<b>7. Group task: Video of a test run of your group RG.</b><br />
There is no group video because the other circuits are incomplete. We have a group of and only 2 power supplies so it is difficult to work on the projects at the same time. For that reason, that project is theoretically working. However, we have no footage, or attempts at the circuit. This is, as stated before, because of the lack of resources.</div>
Nick Polegahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08576093897836151309noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9178126424420761245.post-48541517400111179112017-04-17T13:04:00.002-07:002017-04-19T05:26:11.090-07:00Mary Stepho's Blog for Week 13<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
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My circuit will start by a switch which isn't shown when that switch is triggered by the person before me my circuit will turn on 3 displays. The displays will have the numbers 393 written on them. That will go to an XOR gate. The input of the XOR gate will be 1 and 0 so the output will become a 1 and that output will travel to a relay. From the relay the output of it will send current to an LED. The LED will go to a photocell and that will power a motor to spin. Once the motor is spinning it will release a ping pong ball that is placed behind a gate and the ball will roll down a ramp I made and that will set off Alec's circuit. </div>
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Failed attempt</div>
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Success Attempt</div>
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3) I had one failure and that was my LED was placed correctly so that caused my motor which needs my LED to turn on fail. I re-looked at my circuit and figured it out. I also learned that I do need to add something extra to my circuit because it isn't the most complicated out of everyone else's.</div>
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<br />Anonymousnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9178126424420761245.post-76106913271161603342017-04-17T04:47:00.001-07:002017-04-17T10:19:59.816-07:00Alec Omell Week 13<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="text-align: center;">Video Explanation about my Rude Goldberg system</span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Picture of the main electrical components of the circuit</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Picture of the cart the cart that will activate the display</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7Qx-sDniDhhHHl8GDuLjqoOEOfU2GrYZw2JL3Y85wUCDws-h8sT8bQsIHv4sHY3pSvAUVi3zjmJdtsgVZhiRagCSHCCDIcHmPOz_3E-4_F0ZybonFx4-gCaeZCLyF_f7g6g_tPDf8w6k/s1600/IMG_7309.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7Qx-sDniDhhHHl8GDuLjqoOEOfU2GrYZw2JL3Y85wUCDws-h8sT8bQsIHv4sHY3pSvAUVi3zjmJdtsgVZhiRagCSHCCDIcHmPOz_3E-4_F0ZybonFx4-gCaeZCLyF_f7g6g_tPDf8w6k/s320/IMG_7309.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Picture of the winding mechanism</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPZIMkmJ3LIDHdQNz0Mpc8IkuBou8BeieET9goHIMo_F-QPZ6CoLfvbLPDuCEgswiux9xVZ8luNHokfqqqN29n0KG9HzTD05cCRVbTU-Yzu6zf52o9zMESnKrv-q-ATk6f9HNhPTpw48k/s1600/IMG_7310.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPZIMkmJ3LIDHdQNz0Mpc8IkuBou8BeieET9goHIMo_F-QPZ6CoLfvbLPDuCEgswiux9xVZ8luNHokfqqqN29n0KG9HzTD05cCRVbTU-Yzu6zf52o9zMESnKrv-q-ATk6f9HNhPTpw48k/s320/IMG_7310.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Picture of the motor, switch and strain gauge. The strain gauge will be displayed on the oscilloscope </td></tr>
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Video of successful attempt</div>
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Video of a failed attempt</div>
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Challenges:</div>
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One of the more challenging aspects of the Rube Goldberg system was the mechanical portion of the project. The building of the circuit was the easy part, for me. However, trying to figure out what pieces to use on the motor, the type of string, the diameter of wheels, etc. A lot of trial and error was used to figure out what I should use. I did you prior knowledge to infer on certain parts. I wasn't going to pick a really large wheel for example because their would be more friction. </div>
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The string that cranks the wagons in gave me a huge headache. It continuously got tangled and I tried using different string, different motors, different tensions. Finally I came to the conclusion of the correct string, with the correct motor speed and motor piece that winds the string.</div>
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Group Task:</div>
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Mary's circuit will inevitably release a golf ball to flow down a ramp which will collide into my switch and activate the circuit. It is unclear right now what is happening electrically with the circuit. However, that is a summed up version of the mechanical process.</div>
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There is no group video because the other circuits are incomplete. We have a group of and only 2 power supplies so it is difficult to work on the projects at the same time. For that reason, that project is theoretically working. However, we have no footage, or attempts at the circuit. This is, as stated before, because of the lack of resources.</div>
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<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15387097232151482469noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9178126424420761245.post-17343516112909859552017-04-16T21:24:00.000-07:002017-04-17T13:54:15.916-07:00Nick Polega Week 13<h2 style="text-align: center;">
Nick Polega Week 13</h2>
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<b>1. Provide the updated computer drawing for your individual RG setup.</b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh8nLLfpqQrHUFql4gwOUnyBfuhFnyTb8Ee3qOhZsdcOODlN0i1FdaxITBjttHOr539ZxIjd1tU_sct2Y0o4E2zH3GN4DMBuPT5vPbbkT3dhak56TKnuor1_vsvUrFe4eQLiO_SivCkzs/s1600/RBpic.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="362" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh8nLLfpqQrHUFql4gwOUnyBfuhFnyTb8Ee3qOhZsdcOODlN0i1FdaxITBjttHOr539ZxIjd1tU_sct2Y0o4E2zH3GN4DMBuPT5vPbbkT3dhak56TKnuor1_vsvUrFe4eQLiO_SivCkzs/s640/RBpic.PNG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b>2. Explain your setup.</b><br />
My setup begins with a weight being lifted off of a button, which will start my circuit. Once the circuit is receiving power, a 555 timer will begin pulsing. I made its pulses very very short because I want the motor to spin the arm like an analog clock would. The pulse signals from the 555 get amplified by the non-inverting op amp to about 9 V. This signal goes to the emitter of a transistor. This all causes the motor/analog clock to take about 6 or 7 pulses (or ticks) per 1 revolution. Also attached the the transistor is a photocell at its base with a flashlight mounted above it. While the photoresistor is covered the motor spins fast enough to knock over dominoes but not fast enough to lift the weight. Once the dominoes are knocked off the edge of the table, The base of the transistor has a higher current, therefore so does the emitter. This causes the clock/motor to spin much faster and smoothly. This will lift a weight off of a button which will start Mary's circuit.<br />
<b>3. Provide photos of the circuit and setup.</b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3YUtIDCH6_BWAwLqAgvD2Vw3VLW835p55z7x4xAd-RWAQscLd02Fa9dI-HvCbJxS92OR07OeBq8a4OwWHJ_EFzgwBMDT6CVDVXZgtwTa2lqT-VvTYlQjtRK7UIhpKPcop93g2mAakUI4/s1600/20170417_092510.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3YUtIDCH6_BWAwLqAgvD2Vw3VLW835p55z7x4xAd-RWAQscLd02Fa9dI-HvCbJxS92OR07OeBq8a4OwWHJ_EFzgwBMDT6CVDVXZgtwTa2lqT-VvTYlQjtRK7UIhpKPcop93g2mAakUI4/s320/20170417_092510.jpg" width="180" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha-UotHWkMSyQ03OkQ4zFE4vAcnDyGrAJo5muA56-KThyFXu-8gOM1fDWszCCRbcjCa4m0rdT1uQIuaFKlWCMuzEQA7QdPQ47-FjGx1u_nl-RUF3JutDnTdpHP5MNXEMQVjNKmiS7hOd0/s1600/20170417_092521.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha-UotHWkMSyQ03OkQ4zFE4vAcnDyGrAJo5muA56-KThyFXu-8gOM1fDWszCCRbcjCa4m0rdT1uQIuaFKlWCMuzEQA7QdPQ47-FjGx1u_nl-RUF3JutDnTdpHP5MNXEMQVjNKmiS7hOd0/s320/20170417_092521.jpg" width="179" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNhnleH1Nhk7SMxcUYl45oegmT8jkZXb3swOhtlcTWJQzLjbTykMAQvkHAyQSUJ2qML8MThszJEr1K0YBjFOg0qlAD_4tV-8EOxvSxs0d-tISM56IexyFaZC4bDfYY7VYaSGpLOEPqnqA/s1600/20170417_093913.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNhnleH1Nhk7SMxcUYl45oegmT8jkZXb3swOhtlcTWJQzLjbTykMAQvkHAyQSUJ2qML8MThszJEr1K0YBjFOg0qlAD_4tV-8EOxvSxs0d-tISM56IexyFaZC4bDfYY7VYaSGpLOEPqnqA/s320/20170417_093913.jpg" width="180" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-SuEuk_n3LwiHtHG_4VLUMXftEjV3pa8YaAlCFG1m1JgSlITAaetluXlcqP9y-9w8dGXJul29rjwQRSfIP3ftogCzxjd0nKMezOo4vDYYOOflNx5vZfqkitq-jigSfCAoKxApYIR024Q/s1600/20170417_093921.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-SuEuk_n3LwiHtHG_4VLUMXftEjV3pa8YaAlCFG1m1JgSlITAaetluXlcqP9y-9w8dGXJul29rjwQRSfIP3ftogCzxjd0nKMezOo4vDYYOOflNx5vZfqkitq-jigSfCAoKxApYIR024Q/s320/20170417_093921.jpg" width="180" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWBPt5wBrNUtX8Yr04KdMHRezmdiQlQk9crFarz7_Fo5szDsHdG7fIyTSg7z9bNu7Z2QBhyphenhyphenY2DC2JVWBxJPOq7wobbnN6dqN5u8OtmFgs6t_U7w70MFEX7xj8hWz_x1xgcUrJ1hWOrNzo/s1600/20170417_093926.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWBPt5wBrNUtX8Yr04KdMHRezmdiQlQk9crFarz7_Fo5szDsHdG7fIyTSg7z9bNu7Z2QBhyphenhyphenY2DC2JVWBxJPOq7wobbnN6dqN5u8OtmFgs6t_U7w70MFEX7xj8hWz_x1xgcUrJ1hWOrNzo/s320/20170417_093926.jpg" width="180" /></a></div>
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<b>4. Provide at least 2 new videos of your setup in action, one being a failed attempt.</b><br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dwhfl1PvNQgtjpVcthHPREGM0Uki61oEeruDsS_AaUy8aGtMIhyIsIDDY_mWz2DlZKW9aUXrsW6NRM1hG-V9A' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">This was my one of my many failed attempts. The string got caught in the gears that turn the motor, causing it to bind up.</span><br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dyxsihufrDpp_bvBO9cj_FnsI3kkv2hJMGoN66I9nUjvbhbZZBq4MzT4Dakf9NHUPlWpFxG_h8nk3AW331OvA' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">This was my most successful attempt. As you can see, The motor doesn't really have enough power to lift the weight. I am working on a solution for this now.</span><br />
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<b>5. What failures did you have? How did you overcome them?</b><br />
One of the failures I am currently working to overcome is that my motor will not lift the weight up as high as I want it to. It lifts it a little bit, but I would like my circuit to work nearly 100% of the time before the class demo. I will try to overcome this by using less string and maybe greasing up the pulley. This leads me to my next obstacle, which is getting the circuit (especially the mechanical parts) to be sturdy and work 100% of the time. I am overcoming this my redesigning aspects I feel are weak and also doing a bunch of test runs. The final obstacle will be getting my group's/the class' circuit to all run smoothly. The whole class is in the process of this currently but it seems as if collaboration is key. Something else worth mentioning, this is my 4th circuit I've designed. I had trouble the last couple weeks coming up with a direction that would be sufficient to the rubric and also work well. After class on Friday, Alec stayed a couple hours afterwards to help me figure something out. I am happy my design now.<br />
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Nick Polegahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08576093897836151309noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9178126424420761245.post-31294723687229450792017-04-10T12:00:00.002-07:002017-04-10T12:00:48.895-07:00Mary Stepho's Blog Week 121) This is the computerized version of my Circuit Schematic<br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_TyE2Rtedao/WOvQ-H6khpI/AAAAAAAAADQ/IXYs-25vCgwxJCWlyi17TqKCSwuN8Pc3QCLcB/s1600/393fs2.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="483" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_TyE2Rtedao/WOvQ-H6khpI/AAAAAAAAADQ/IXYs-25vCgwxJCWlyi17TqKCSwuN8Pc3QCLcB/s640/393fs2.PNG" width="640" /></a></div>
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2) Here are more in depth pictures and both of my attempts with 1 failed attempt.</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IGjj3d8wWYE/WOvTvprIFNI/AAAAAAAAADc/iAJUW0GFEckJxXjPQ3gj_kAJL31GcUIYwCLcB/s1600/WIN_20170410_14_48_53_Pro.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IGjj3d8wWYE/WOvTvprIFNI/AAAAAAAAADc/iAJUW0GFEckJxXjPQ3gj_kAJL31GcUIYwCLcB/s320/WIN_20170410_14_48_53_Pro.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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This is my circuit from the left.</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JVEJW12abCU/WOvTvj3K-dI/AAAAAAAAADg/P6wnZ7fQ5v80WVys8m5Vo_tEbi-dNpBzQCLcB/s1600/WIN_20170410_14_49_00_Pro.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JVEJW12abCU/WOvTvj3K-dI/AAAAAAAAADg/P6wnZ7fQ5v80WVys8m5Vo_tEbi-dNpBzQCLcB/s320/WIN_20170410_14_49_00_Pro.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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This is my circuit from the front.</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-r0KNWr1VqP8/WOvTvqFJDpI/AAAAAAAAADk/BOYnxSyKaqgkm9ZeFnoEWlVM617tjZqCACLcB/s1600/WIN_20170410_14_49_10_Pro.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-r0KNWr1VqP8/WOvTvqFJDpI/AAAAAAAAADk/BOYnxSyKaqgkm9ZeFnoEWlVM617tjZqCACLcB/s320/WIN_20170410_14_49_10_Pro.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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This is my circuit from the right.</div>
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Here is a video showing my first attempt which failed. The switch, displays, op-amp, relay, and LED, and photocell, and transistor work fine. I came to realize that my motor wasn't connected correctly. I placed one of its end in the power supply when it was supposed to go to ground.</div>
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Failed attempt as explained above.</div>
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This is my second attempt which was a success, because I fixed my earlier problem of the error in motor connection to my breadboard.</div>
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Successful attempt as explained above.</div>
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3) There were 2 tricky things I had to figure out in this lab. One was how was I going to be flashy at the end, because I am the last person, and how was I going to make everything work.</div>
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I addressed the first problem with Kaya. I decided instead of knocking down domino's to spell out 393 I would instead make a rig that will let out a helium balloon. I am still in the process of designing that rig, but my circuit works perfectly.</div>
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The second problem was how was I going to make all of these components work with one another. I decided to list all of the components I wanted to use, and then went back to previous weeks as referencing to what I was using. This helped a lot because it reminded me of how these components like the photocell or relay, etc..., are set up. So then I mimicked those blogs and made it fit my personal circuit and that solved my second problem.</div>
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Anonymousnoreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9178126424420761245.post-59621099545234486172017-04-10T04:56:00.002-07:002017-04-10T04:57:30.065-07:00Alec Omell's Blog Week 12<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEYSgagkZSPPjAtv0vGAk-M9-6AQqcQNFDxjVCWF4H2gDNVF3OWW1Wvugp1JA0IQG5Nbi-O_hO1KU5cssVHTzjjpfFfAWOAqRdcRr_K003L-PaPTqiiQef8eF92YajhrFMU4NZ3N7kdm8/s1600/Circuits+drawing.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEYSgagkZSPPjAtv0vGAk-M9-6AQqcQNFDxjVCWF4H2gDNVF3OWW1Wvugp1JA0IQG5Nbi-O_hO1KU5cssVHTzjjpfFfAWOAqRdcRr_K003L-PaPTqiiQef8eF92YajhrFMU4NZ3N7kdm8/s640/Circuits+drawing.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">A computer drawing of the circuit diagram</td></tr>
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWGeEfdmsnGzsrzj_V9y62y8fW4EBnaqlyB5tIEJ_tytj3uvdGVD_4xYsAhns45vSYLMyO5jotW57v2suvzYg4AJCqWAfjs9iZYiZAfXeFq8JJMAHBr0I2cNyFmC1DS_g1-MG40avoe0k/s1600/IMG_7298.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWGeEfdmsnGzsrzj_V9y62y8fW4EBnaqlyB5tIEJ_tytj3uvdGVD_4xYsAhns45vSYLMyO5jotW57v2suvzYg4AJCqWAfjs9iZYiZAfXeFq8JJMAHBr0I2cNyFmC1DS_g1-MG40avoe0k/s320/IMG_7298.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Fig1: Switch that activates the whole system</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB9EZ3uUDKMWzHB02Yx0xDdQITQ8Ye2Pf5FGJ_HQC3m61Gku3EJUJ-QCxo9KrWX0qM1hLjihUoX5akV8A7Vg5DFXFxlNgeMm2N9sqKp4IXYbsk0bwzHqcQ3TgYNbr8EJltLztdQurdElw/s1600/IMG_7299.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB9EZ3uUDKMWzHB02Yx0xDdQITQ8Ye2Pf5FGJ_HQC3m61Gku3EJUJ-QCxo9KrWX0qM1hLjihUoX5akV8A7Vg5DFXFxlNgeMm2N9sqKp4IXYbsk0bwzHqcQ3TgYNbr8EJltLztdQurdElw/s320/IMG_7299.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Fig 2: The OP amp, transistor and photo cell that supply current and voltage to the motor</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiZSB-jbjmWi-hzeKT8PjYmdh5M4VubbL9k2tdXXQANjxfxUw5BDWrDMhjxWyot2g0n2VUl5jQWEKo3BUmqbAGy_VH4Y-VLZ9AWrJwsh1Z9DcKYWQer5Re2I6DlzzB1D_GnTMwj74DAg8/s1600/IMG_7300.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiZSB-jbjmWi-hzeKT8PjYmdh5M4VubbL9k2tdXXQANjxfxUw5BDWrDMhjxWyot2g0n2VUl5jQWEKo3BUmqbAGy_VH4Y-VLZ9AWrJwsh1Z9DcKYWQer5Re2I6DlzzB1D_GnTMwj74DAg8/s320/IMG_7300.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Fig 3: The motor that winds the string and pulls the carts towards them</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq5qYZkp9EyRE5mKdDyNVASydjwBFov0ptpzfJAXecBSI0oo3iDRNi0so5_fcO4H8l5tTAe1iiCrAyp4r-i5I_OYf-0IFHBeO9HJL5lI7_1h5UjtQVcPzCnCNoYRFbEvhPVDv_-bw1N60/s1600/IMG_7301.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq5qYZkp9EyRE5mKdDyNVASydjwBFov0ptpzfJAXecBSI0oo3iDRNi0so5_fcO4H8l5tTAe1iiCrAyp4r-i5I_OYf-0IFHBeO9HJL5lI7_1h5UjtQVcPzCnCNoYRFbEvhPVDv_-bw1N60/s320/IMG_7301.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Fig 4: the cart collides with ramp and the ball rolls down</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjc2AwqLYz6zKq_XDQVYLkcXTdxNkwknbEarayXR2TPMyshWLCVXH5G4UibqZPWFg4UdLBd6r-2qkAjpGYCSZNPIRUfpYf1i206DyUoP-5dM8nZxhg_yhI6qbPxXk_Zfajgwqjo-CGuZ4/s1600/IMG_7302.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjc2AwqLYz6zKq_XDQVYLkcXTdxNkwknbEarayXR2TPMyshWLCVXH5G4UibqZPWFg4UdLBd6r-2qkAjpGYCSZNPIRUfpYf1i206DyUoP-5dM8nZxhg_yhI6qbPxXk_Zfajgwqjo-CGuZ4/s320/IMG_7302.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Fig 5: DMM measures the voltage being output by the straingauge</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeV79sE2Z-5STmo_q9_6TscFDM3iIe-UFHAS55IXik11IF8rKwcV00vgaTC7svDzjRvzID5fOF6XWwA7n2IUeLT2rvmwsseeIiPJv5I7xbOaAkJ63nOdCFuhzmTfmUCQBb8GXDU9oGugw/s1600/IMG_7303.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeV79sE2Z-5STmo_q9_6TscFDM3iIe-UFHAS55IXik11IF8rKwcV00vgaTC7svDzjRvzID5fOF6XWwA7n2IUeLT2rvmwsseeIiPJv5I7xbOaAkJ63nOdCFuhzmTfmUCQBb8GXDU9oGugw/s320/IMG_7303.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Fig 6: the strain gauge is measuring the force of the motor</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggAzj0JeptiXFjbtqtAvRgxfPwxG_u3_5Zan8cfczd1AhmUhcgP2ByGj6w_davWWir1reFb12jYDG7Q843RYQX6YR0dkfduukxaSjzwWshiAACUiG0aBOHALEk82bFpegbeY4V7K3V91E/s1600/IMG_7309.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggAzj0JeptiXFjbtqtAvRgxfPwxG_u3_5Zan8cfczd1AhmUhcgP2ByGj6w_davWWir1reFb12jYDG7Q843RYQX6YR0dkfduukxaSjzwWshiAACUiG0aBOHALEk82bFpegbeY4V7K3V91E/s320/IMG_7309.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Fig 7: A setup of the function motor piece that properly winds the carts</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBn0qS2hp48rKBVQIEwAWUcgAED-EBLZ5q4GE8jOVGMxUNLmOK4Q5ps4agCzV660OdccyJlwkgQ-_GKUge9tgvTyp_9EmmJscXhmUN3ibsCW_mMJYi-XeUZ-0DTnXuVnEvVWtKMNaxPTU/s1600/IMG_7311.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBn0qS2hp48rKBVQIEwAWUcgAED-EBLZ5q4GE8jOVGMxUNLmOK4Q5ps4agCzV660OdccyJlwkgQ-_GKUge9tgvTyp_9EmmJscXhmUN3ibsCW_mMJYi-XeUZ-0DTnXuVnEvVWtKMNaxPTU/s320/IMG_7311.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">FIg 8: the secondary cart that will be used to activate a phone</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhuDmo8EIGXWKqGmV-QQAF_cyE2GmQJuwgUq6sEKePQhbHQchNcTYYlwk_F1ravxBcFtRFnLjYQgIkKBdSO3CcZSPkVKUphxjCHqav6fHO4onVfWIh5DGGU4kLk6SJF1JWn4DuhyphenhyphenHNaBA/s1600/IMG_7312.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhuDmo8EIGXWKqGmV-QQAF_cyE2GmQJuwgUq6sEKePQhbHQchNcTYYlwk_F1ravxBcFtRFnLjYQgIkKBdSO3CcZSPkVKUphxjCHqav6fHO4onVfWIh5DGGU4kLk6SJF1JWn4DuhyphenhyphenHNaBA/s320/IMG_7312.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Fig 9: The primary cart that will be used to transport the ball</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/OKmVZGiDlx4/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/OKmVZGiDlx4?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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First Attempt at the Rude Golderberg system</div>
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Second Attempt at the Rude Golderberg system</div>
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Third Attempt at the Rude Golderberg system</div>
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Video Explanation about my Rude Goldberg system</div>
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One of the more challenging aspects of the Rube Goldberg system was the mechanical portion of the project. The building of the circuit was the easy part, for me. However, trying to figure out what pieces to use on the motor, the type of string, the diameter of wheels, etc. A lot of trial and error was used to figure out what I should use. I did you prior knowledge to infer on certain parts. I wasn't going to pick a really large wheel for example because their would be more friction. </div>
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The string that cranks the wagons in gave me a huge headache. It continuously got tangled and I tried using different string, different motors, different tensions. Finally I came to the conclusion of the correct string, with the correct motor speed and motor piece that winds the string.</div>
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15387097232151482469noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9178126424420761245.post-32114385527812974652017-04-08T19:29:00.000-07:002017-04-11T10:18:00.167-07:00Nick Polega Week 12<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><u>Nick Polega RB Idea</u></b></span></div>
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<b>1. Provide the computer drawing for your individual RG setup.</b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjY0s9yiGLvhuT0bSB0Bs5fU9tHdVP0gJE6tH3Yqv6SX6gS9zgbreTe3wtVW9qlWzOwzAKpFKtTIg-1bHY6HRz8daSWetDdWZRxmMve8DJY_oFGAqg8SGxoSeyvw9eajSWqQN_eDPpfZLk/s1600/RBDrawing.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="612" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjY0s9yiGLvhuT0bSB0Bs5fU9tHdVP0gJE6tH3Yqv6SX6gS9zgbreTe3wtVW9qlWzOwzAKpFKtTIg-1bHY6HRz8daSWetDdWZRxmMve8DJY_oFGAqg8SGxoSeyvw9eajSWqQN_eDPpfZLk/s640/RBDrawing.PNG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b>2. Explain your setup.</b><br />
My plan starts with the ball from Alec's circuit knocking down dominoes. <strike>The dominoes will split into two paths, with staggered timing (to demonstrate the AND gate).</strike> One path will end with a domino falling on the FORCE RESISTOR <strike>and the other will end with a domino attached to a cloth covering the PHOTO-RESISTOR</strike>. <strike>When this happens, these two components will have a small enough resistance at this point to have voltage flow to the AND GATE. This gate will do two things once it has an outpu</strike>t: allowing a message to display across the six 7-SEGMENT DISPLAYS and acting as the positive input on the NON-INVERTING AMPLIFIER. This will amplify the voltage enough to switch the RELAY. The now switched relay will power a MOTOR to spin and lift a weight using a pulley. The lifting of this weight will trigger the next RB.<br />
Edit 4/11/17: I was unable to figure out the AND gate and the photoresistor correctly before the deadline. I am still interested in incorporating these elements into my circuit perhaps with my group's help. Also, two more non inverting amps were needed to get the displays as bright as I wanted them.<br />
<b>3. Provide photos of the circuit and setup.</b><br />
<b>4. Provide at least 2 videos of your setup in action (parts or whole), at least one being a failed attempt.</b><br />
<b>5. What failures did you have? How did you overcome them?</b><br />
My biggest problem was coming up with a decent circuit design. At first, I was trying to use a solar panel to begin my circuit. These kept breaking on me repeatedly so I lost a lot of time trying to fix/find a new one. After taking a deep breath, I eventually just decided to scrap my previous design altogether. This led to a lot of time lost but I overcame it by talking/taking suggestions from classmates and managing my time more efficiently after class Monday.Nick Polegahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08576093897836151309noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9178126424420761245.post-48069703608207277262017-03-27T05:26:00.000-07:002017-04-05T05:09:45.233-07:00Week 11<b>Part A: Strain Gauges:</b><br />
<b>Strain gauges are used to measure the strain or stress levels on the materials. Alternatively, pressure on the strain gauge causes a generated voltage and it can be used as an energy harvester. You will be given either the flapping or tapping type gauge. When you test the circle buzzer type gauge, you will lay it flat on the table and tap on it. If it is the long rectangle one, you will flap the piece to generate voltage.</b><br />
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<b>1. Connect the oscilloscope probes to the strain gauge. Record the peak voltage values (positive and negative) by flipping/tapping the gauge with low and high pressure. Make sure to set the oscilloscope horizontal and vertical scales appropriately so you can read the values. DO NOT USE the measure tool of the oscilloscope. Adjust your oscilloscope so you can read the values from the screen. Fill out Table 1 and provide photos of the oscilloscope.</b><br />
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Table 1: Strain gauge characteristics<br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 165.3pt;" valign="top" width="220"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Flipping Strength<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 151.1pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Minimum Voltage<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 151.1pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Maximum Voltage<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 165.3pt;" valign="top" width="220"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Low<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 151.1pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
.6 V pk-pk<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 151.1pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
1.4 V pk-pk<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 165.3pt;" valign="top" width="220"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>High<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 151.1pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
1.32 V pk-pk<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 151.1pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
3.54V Pk-pk<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
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Table 2: Buzzer gauge characteristics<br />
<div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 165.3pt;" valign="top" width="220"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>TappingStrength<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 151.1pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Minimum Voltage<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 151.1pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Maximum Voltage<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 165.3pt;" valign="top" width="220"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Low<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 151.1pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
2.4 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 151.1pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
2.8 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 165.3pt;" valign="top" width="220"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>High<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 151.1pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
5 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 151.1pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
6.2 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div>
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0IERUMZgPHErr1oT6IcKkWEmixuMakcq8Lh08ka-cdXyENJ1fgGwLnAv5LeRW3QMO7u2avAXg5lwb-0_J2T6erTVRLSI_xyMAJEaaan25wsS-LT_LjVApzmnyfY6Ks1jlF74zDUbDWG4/s1600/IMG_7203.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0IERUMZgPHErr1oT6IcKkWEmixuMakcq8Lh08ka-cdXyENJ1fgGwLnAv5LeRW3QMO7u2avAXg5lwb-0_J2T6erTVRLSI_xyMAJEaaan25wsS-LT_LjVApzmnyfY6Ks1jlF74zDUbDWG4/s200/IMG_7203.JPG" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Flipping test with high strength Max value </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjY0ZtOjZP-_mUgUFjJZ0K4-Gnp7bzMS8XMSHd2d312DgnHIN1eRGb4G7wJ-608kQtnpds_Wg627Nb5QVcbkn6Jk8Giz-Cd8ptI7g88sfMm9dNMMOKX6s9ddPpDlVvaXhWxYOkCmyMa9-k/s1600/IMG_7204.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjY0ZtOjZP-_mUgUFjJZ0K4-Gnp7bzMS8XMSHd2d312DgnHIN1eRGb4G7wJ-608kQtnpds_Wg627Nb5QVcbkn6Jk8Giz-Cd8ptI7g88sfMm9dNMMOKX6s9ddPpDlVvaXhWxYOkCmyMa9-k/s200/IMG_7204.JPG" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Flipping test with low strength Max Value</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnNKBzuYvP1bJ7GDPLDKSzwBYR1MDburktv1h2zEcgFfs6MF4C2KodV2-0yG0KXL_1mnD4LylH4Ce1Lh25K694jP24N2Wj6JxxPUY-H-2nnUbeGFhZ-xlnUhV0vCBLG7KVC7FE-N8dOuM/s1600/IMG_7205.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnNKBzuYvP1bJ7GDPLDKSzwBYR1MDburktv1h2zEcgFfs6MF4C2KodV2-0yG0KXL_1mnD4LylH4Ce1Lh25K694jP24N2Wj6JxxPUY-H-2nnUbeGFhZ-xlnUhV0vCBLG7KVC7FE-N8dOuM/s200/IMG_7205.JPG" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Flipping test with high strength lowest value</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6Ac2PSlDccO3L0zDUdpRfK8FWnJMe5j99mfLacxvaClsHnNwSy1A2hBd2v7dZZcrBhppISr2QN8PlfBeyYxLoXGzN1bsJBk6MmupY7lo3qtO3e2XBzPmCl4JyIieq0S2Cqnqc3q9P6Nc/s1600/IMG_7206.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6Ac2PSlDccO3L0zDUdpRfK8FWnJMe5j99mfLacxvaClsHnNwSy1A2hBd2v7dZZcrBhppISr2QN8PlfBeyYxLoXGzN1bsJBk6MmupY7lo3qtO3e2XBzPmCl4JyIieq0S2Cqnqc3q9P6Nc/s200/IMG_7206.JPG" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Flipping test low strength low value</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf4k6zp7UvPJNLu0E9w5A011JpnOrsZvCPKJoMA-F11ErmKzWY9CW4-Rs9QJMDOUbll9hKL0sCwkqRyERmSuyAZVLvOxu55mUCyKria59-A68JCyWyCRXeXleW21FSWXNXr4HqLOShKXA/s1600/IMG_7207.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf4k6zp7UvPJNLu0E9w5A011JpnOrsZvCPKJoMA-F11ErmKzWY9CW4-Rs9QJMDOUbll9hKL0sCwkqRyERmSuyAZVLvOxu55mUCyKria59-A68JCyWyCRXeXleW21FSWXNXr4HqLOShKXA/s200/IMG_7207.JPG" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tapping test low strength, low value</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsYdpVXJvdhKNSialihcXWJRjUmODBT1FEBhM4IjiVOxbGWVG1jA7dqKZAuw0JtxIDDod0vBQvMwl2TSsvzlnYnqPkw99RPcZeWdTNYJh-ClX-b0Nxx23dVeJLDXBanKkWlEEVmgtsHTs/s1600/IMG_7208.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsYdpVXJvdhKNSialihcXWJRjUmODBT1FEBhM4IjiVOxbGWVG1jA7dqKZAuw0JtxIDDod0vBQvMwl2TSsvzlnYnqPkw99RPcZeWdTNYJh-ClX-b0Nxx23dVeJLDXBanKkWlEEVmgtsHTs/s200/IMG_7208.JPG" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tapping test low strength, high value</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4bdulcB9mYnC7ldcyJIWHHSILL9u1ku5mLoncsRastUMlR-Y8tD3A9y1X9RBGLKm6Ai3y3TABpxzuW3tYP2UQaU6ZUIu_dk_ih-kmqqbvZSM56mRoA_EA5zH_r1Nvv8DldlEBTGo_eck/s1600/IMG_7209.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4bdulcB9mYnC7ldcyJIWHHSILL9u1ku5mLoncsRastUMlR-Y8tD3A9y1X9RBGLKm6Ai3y3TABpxzuW3tYP2UQaU6ZUIu_dk_ih-kmqqbvZSM56mRoA_EA5zH_r1Nvv8DldlEBTGo_eck/s200/IMG_7209.JPG" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tapping test high strength, low value</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1BDoPl7rwc09yYjaeAbLcXWfjcpbnudXmtmMedG9i7zmXbQTuyO6G0toGBtx-94RQC89ncJUJi2YNPaQOcMofGnLtiDIltrH1SpZb6v0iZ7zu1-APfEKGs8ysyFI8HHmf5aFyRtxaHF4/s1600/IMG_7210.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1BDoPl7rwc09yYjaeAbLcXWfjcpbnudXmtmMedG9i7zmXbQTuyO6G0toGBtx-94RQC89ncJUJi2YNPaQOcMofGnLtiDIltrH1SpZb6v0iZ7zu1-APfEKGs8ysyFI8HHmf5aFyRtxaHF4/s200/IMG_7210.JPG" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tapping test high strength, high value</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b>
<b>Part B: Half-Wave Rectifiers</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>1. Construct the following half-wave rectifier. Measure the input and the output using the oscilloscope and provide a snapshot of the outputs.</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxQqDBeDz47yUrw9MYQY9NE76PAb4-KbZf8hpUNSABFhFIo6UZzhOF4fbgU3F8TAgpW_1c7OuQ4e7K3tY3KGV_FzLvgHJq7P8JRZY4XVTN1cRCQlj5zuDwqeJcwSfdCO-a1yNRai326uQ/s1600/Capture.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxQqDBeDz47yUrw9MYQY9NE76PAb4-KbZf8hpUNSABFhFIo6UZzhOF4fbgU3F8TAgpW_1c7OuQ4e7K3tY3KGV_FzLvgHJq7P8JRZY4XVTN1cRCQlj5zuDwqeJcwSfdCO-a1yNRai326uQ/s1600/Capture.PNG" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Schematic of the Half Wave rectifer<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TrtJN0THe9Y/WOGczXa25XI/AAAAAAAAACs/FvFu5pCQG38lxouvRWd3V-tCdDe2x2sagCLcB/s1600/WIN_20170327_08_41_28_Pro.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TrtJN0THe9Y/WOGczXa25XI/AAAAAAAAACs/FvFu5pCQG38lxouvRWd3V-tCdDe2x2sagCLcB/s320/WIN_20170327_08_41_28_Pro.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="text-align: start;"><b>2. Calculate the effective voltage of the input and output and compare the values with the measured ones by completing the following table.</b></span><br />
<span style="text-align: start;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Table 3: Showing the RMS values calculated and measured</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="text-align: start;"></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 165.3pt;" valign="top" width="220"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>RMS Values<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 151.1pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Calculated<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 151.1pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Measured<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 165.3pt;" valign="top" width="220"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Input<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 151.1pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
3.53 V </div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 151.1pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
3.6 V <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 165.3pt;" valign="top" width="220"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Output<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 151.1pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
3.53 V <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 151.1pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
2.07 V <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<b>3. Explain how you calculated the rms values. Do calculated and measured values match?</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
To measure the RMS value you take the appropriate voltage, in this case 10 V. Then you divide it by square root 2.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2Xh28HjSpL8KyWgjtCkIOl8X8rGyXeOiTBZHei9pcexoH68i_XVCrRx9u_BzVgjCR7gsHz7t9nC373tMjEOLDJPTHUIGJwFmLn8pD62ASp9Fi20dxXUFnu2rCEDSBIZ1ULzSoExnWGSo/s1600/Captur2e.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2Xh28HjSpL8KyWgjtCkIOl8X8rGyXeOiTBZHei9pcexoH68i_XVCrRx9u_BzVgjCR7gsHz7t9nC373tMjEOLDJPTHUIGJwFmLn8pD62ASp9Fi20dxXUFnu2rCEDSBIZ1ULzSoExnWGSo/s1600/Captur2e.PNG" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>4. Construct the following circuit and record the output voltage using both DMM and the oscilloscope.</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqTlGRmkm6PUpJyGc1dvBSt6VTioM_CzboJHTjlrDVMzUoFrGimK_r-jJ0wugi93AqQAhv6NCNq9jYa11zUj7lcBONoTmhyaMUP_PX2xOc8arOZUZCTbMNW2IBi6Ay1AJgM1KjazqZR2U/s1600/Captur1e.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqTlGRmkm6PUpJyGc1dvBSt6VTioM_CzboJHTjlrDVMzUoFrGimK_r-jJ0wugi93AqQAhv6NCNq9jYa11zUj7lcBONoTmhyaMUP_PX2xOc8arOZUZCTbMNW2IBi6Ay1AJgM1KjazqZR2U/s1600/Captur1e.PNG" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Table 4: Showing the varying output voltages obtained through different measuring mediums with 1uF</div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 165.3pt;" valign="top" width="220"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 151.1pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Oscilloscope <o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 151.1pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>DMM<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 165.3pt;" valign="top" width="220"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Output Voltage (p-p)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 151.1pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
5.4 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 151.1pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
1.47 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 165.3pt;" valign="top" width="220"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Output Voltage (mean)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 151.1pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
5.5 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 151.1pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
5.77 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="text-align: start;"><b>5. Replace the 1 µF capacitor with 100 µF and repeat the previous step. What has changed?</b></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="text-align: start;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
Table 5: Showing the varying output voltages obtained through different measuring mediums with 100uF<br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 165.3pt;" valign="top" width="220"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 151.1pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Oscilloscope <o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 151.1pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>DMM<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 165.3pt;" valign="top" width="220"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Output Voltage (p-p)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 151.1pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
.16 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 151.1pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
.02 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 165.3pt;" valign="top" width="220"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Output Voltage (mean)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 151.1pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
6.83 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 151.1pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
6.75 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<b>Part C: Energy Harvesters</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>1. Construct the half-wave rectifier circuit without the resistor but with the 1 µF capacitor. Instead of the function generator, use the strain gauge. Discharge the capacitor every time you start a new measurement. Flip/tap your strain gauge and observe the output voltage. Fill out the table below:</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
Table 6:<br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Tap Frequency<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Duration<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Output</b> <b>Voltages</b><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
1 flip/second<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
10 Seconds<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> .26 V</o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
1 flip/second<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
20 Seconds<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> .43 </o:p>V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
1 flip/second<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
30 Seconds<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> .4 </o:p>V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
4 flips/second<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
10 Seconds<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> .44 </o:p>V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
4 flips/second<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
20 Seconds<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> .506 </o:p>V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
4 flips/second<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
30 Seconds<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> .514 </o:p>V</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<b><br /></b></div>
<div>
<b>2. Briefly explain your results.</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
The longer we flipped the stress the gauge the more the capacitor was being charged. Therefore, the DMM was reading higher values. The same is also true for when we flipped it 4 times a second. The flips generate a voltage, and the capacitor stores the voltage, while simultaneously draining. The more frequent the flips for a longer duration will produce an overall higher voltage.<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>3. If we do not use the diode in the circuit (i.e. using only strain gauge to charge the capacitor), what would you observe at the output? Why?</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">The output would be smaller because
there isn’t a big rush of electricity flowing through the circuit. The diode we
used in the circuit was meant to mimic a half-wave rectifier. We see that when
we view our sin waves because there is no negative part this is because of the
diode. When the diode is taken out there will have negative values since there
is no half-wave rectifier being applied to the circuit.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>4. Write a MATLAB code to plot the date in table of Part C1.</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>*Code we used to get the Half-Wave Rectifier Graph*</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>x=[10 10 20 20 30 30];</b><br />
<b>y=[.26 .44 .43 .506 .4 .514];</b><br />
<b>plot(x,y)</b><br />
<b>xlabel('Time (seconds)');</b><br />
<b>ylabel('Vout (V)');</b><br />
<b></b><br />
<b>grid on</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>Half-Wave Rectifier Graph</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-nT2MiLVFeWU/WNkZ6j6QFaI/AAAAAAAAACc/pr0QGgXeSPEUdMMFQ_KTBSz-Wh4mIOqPACLcB/s1600/Capture.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="286" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-nT2MiLVFeWU/WNkZ6j6QFaI/AAAAAAAAACc/pr0QGgXeSPEUdMMFQ_KTBSz-Wh4mIOqPACLcB/s320/Capture.PNG" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
The graph of the half-wave rectifier using MATLAB.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>*Code we used to get the Half-Wave Rectifier Graph*</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>x=[10,20,30];</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>Va=[0.26,.43,.62];</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>Vb=[.44,.506,.514];</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>plot(x,Va,'--k')</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>hold on</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>plot(x,Vb)</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>legend('1 flip/second','4 flip/second')</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>xlabel('Time (s)')</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>ylabel('Output Voltage (V)')</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>title('Half-Wave Recitifier')</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>Half-Wave Rectifier Graph</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3SBKcbGTHW8/WOTd6QRKzmI/AAAAAAAAADA/BfXOeSY8mQAWMZ4A5LuTiwqWHGe3vkAVwCLcB/s1600/Capture2.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="243" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3SBKcbGTHW8/WOTd6QRKzmI/AAAAAAAAADA/BfXOeSY8mQAWMZ4A5LuTiwqWHGe3vkAVwCLcB/s320/Capture2.PNG" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
This is the graph of both of the Output Voltages, but they are separated.</div>
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15387097232151482469noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9178126424420761245.post-7830992119248879842017-03-20T05:49:00.000-07:002017-03-22T06:45:28.975-07:00Blog Week 10<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Blog Week 10</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>1. Open MATLAB. Open the editor and copy paste the following code. Name your code as FirstCode.m</b></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5YAUtc2T2OyzWnEISQ0cGVm1sJt2-YTCxSUADEOmfRto4EJpkrQYb6n5ebu6UigdixlJN24f9CPk0ygV2CBec9Xro8qRxv5H6DcFoe0qoVCDWDQOAPrba44ikjHOHkP_EfPOi48tNLWg/s1600/Capture.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5YAUtc2T2OyzWnEISQ0cGVm1sJt2-YTCxSUADEOmfRto4EJpkrQYb6n5ebu6UigdixlJN24f9CPk0ygV2CBec9Xro8qRxv5H6DcFoe0qoVCDWDQOAPrba44ikjHOHkP_EfPOi48tNLWg/s1600/Capture.PNG" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Graph created by the code given in the blogsheet</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<b>2. What does clear all do?</b><br />
~~~~ Clears all predefined variables<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>3. What does close all do?</b><br />
~~~~Closes all open windows such as graphs.<br />
<br />
<b>4. In the command line, type x and press enter. This is a matrix. How many rows and columns are there in the matrix?</b><br />
<b>~~~~</b> 1 row and zero columns<br />
<br />
<b>5. Why is there a semicolon at the end of the line of x and y?</b><br />
~~~~ the semicolon prevents the data from being displayed after "ENTER" is hit.<br />
<br />
<b>6. Remove the dot on the y = 2.^x; line and execute the code again. What does the error message mean?</b><br />
<b>~~~~</b>The dot is needed so that the operation can be applied to each of the values in the matrix<br />
<br />
<b>7. How does the LineWidth affect the plot? Explain.</b><br />
<b>~~~~</b> It affects the width of line. Smaller integers result in a more narrow line segment.<br />
<br />
<b>8. Type help plot on the command line and study the options for plot command. Provide how you would change the line for plot command to obtain the following figure (Hint: Like ‘LineWidth’, there is another property called ‘MarkerSize’)</b><br />
<b>~~~~</b>plot(x,y,'LineWidth',6,'LineSpec',-or)<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>9. What happens if you change the line for x to x = [1; 2; 3; 4; 5]; ? Explain.</b><br />
~~~~ It turns into a single column matrix starting at 1 and ending at 5<br />
<br />
<b>10. Provide the code for the following figure. You need to figure out the function for y. Notice there are grids on the plot.</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
x = [1 2 3 4 5];<br />
<br />
y = x.^2;<br />
<br />
plot(x, y,':sk', 'LineWidth', 6,'Markersize',20)<br />
<br />
xlabel('Numbers', 'FontSize', 12)<br />
<br />
ylabel('Results', 'FontSize', 12)<br />
grid on<br />
<br />
GridLineStyle ':'<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>11. Degree vs. radian in MATLAB:</b><br />
<b>a. Calculate sinus of 30 degrees using a calculator or internet.</b><br />
Sin(30)= 1/2<br />
<b>b. Type sin(30) in the command line of the MATLAB. Why is this number different? (Hint: MATLAB treats angles as radians).</b><br />
By default MatLab uses radians<br />
<br />
<b>c. How can you modify sin(30) so we get the correct number?</b><br />
<b>~~</b>Sind(30)<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>12. Plot y = 10 sin (100 t) using Matlab with two different resolutions on the same plot: 10 points per period and 1000 points per period. The plot needs to show only two periods. Commands you might need to use are linspace, plot, hold on, legend, xlabel, and ylabel. Provide your code and resulting figure. The output figure should look like the following:</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
t=linspace(0,.125664,10);<br />
y=10*sin(100*t);<br />
plot(t,y,'-or')<br />
hold on<br />
clear t<br />
t=linspace(0,.125664,1000);<br />
y=10*sin(100*t);<br />
plot(t,y,'k')<br />
xlabel('Time (s)')<br />
ylabel('y function')<br />
legend('Coarse','Fine')<br />
<br />
<b></b>
<b>13. Explain what is changed in the following plot comparing to the previous one.</b><br />
~~ The FINE graph has a limit set so that its max value is capped at 5<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>14. The command find was used to create this code. Study the use of find (help find) and try to replicate the plot above. Provide your code.</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
t=linspace(0,.125664,10);<br />
y=10*sin(100*t);<br />
plot(t,y,'-or')<br />
hold on<br />
clear t<br />
t=linspace(0,.125664,1000);<br />
y=10*sin(100*t);<br />
k=find(y>5);<br />
y(k)=5;<br />
plot(t,y,'k')<br />
xlabel('Time (s)')<br />
ylabel('y function')<br />
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>PART B: Filters and MATLAB</b></div>
<b>1. Build a low pass filter using a resistor and capacitor in which the cut off frequency is 1 kHz. Observe the output signal using the oscilloscope. Collect several data points particularly around the cut off frequency. Provide your data in a table.</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
~~We need a 7.5k resistor to achieve a cutoff frequency of approximately 1kHz<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-K_joqBOHXQY/WNJyFyRi7nI/AAAAAAAAABc/-Rstew78ts0egO72xMzttNLT3SuNCeEBQCLcB/s1600/Capture2.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="20" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-K_joqBOHXQY/WNJyFyRi7nI/AAAAAAAAABc/-Rstew78ts0egO72xMzttNLT3SuNCeEBQCLcB/s640/Capture2.PNG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Table created from the frequency and the associated output in a low pass circuit</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<b>2. Plot your data using MATLAB. Make sure to use proper labels for the plot and make your plot line and fonts readable. Provide your code and the plot.</b><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-htC96FWYMM4/WNJ0bXrU3-I/AAAAAAAAABo/XRHCEuEJWp038auNaulmZQlE4qPefxgAACLcB/s1600/Capture3.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-htC96FWYMM4/WNJ0bXrU3-I/AAAAAAAAABo/XRHCEuEJWp038auNaulmZQlE4qPefxgAACLcB/s1600/Capture3.PNG" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Graph created from the table above. The code used is provided below</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
****CODE*****</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
x=[.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1 2 3];</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
y=[3.655 3.603 3.525 3.424 3.3 3.177 3.04 2.904 2.767 2.6 1.62 1.07];</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
plot(x,y)</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
xlabel('Freqency (KHz)');</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
ylabel('Vout (V)');</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
grid on</div>
<br />
<b>3. Calculate the cut off frequency using MATLAB. find command will be used. Provide your code.</b><br />
<br />
R=7500; C=22*10^-9;<br />
Cutoff=1/(2*pi*C*R)<br />
----------------------> <b>964.5754 Hz</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>4. Put a horizontal dashed line on the previous plot that passes through the cutoff frequency.</b><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3eBLodo972I/WNJ5p5CCjSI/AAAAAAAAAB4/bh0JGxFBJPI03II3CPPCwUDgMEuGgudvgCLcB/s1600/Capture4.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3eBLodo972I/WNJ5p5CCjSI/AAAAAAAAAB4/bh0JGxFBJPI03II3CPPCwUDgMEuGgudvgCLcB/s1600/Capture4.PNG" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Graph with dashed line across the cutoff point. This graph is identical to the graph above</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<b>5. Repeat 1-3 by modifying the circuit to a high pass filter.</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>a)Table for high pass filter</b><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XuOIELq9g9M/WNJ7-3G7mKI/AAAAAAAAACE/cO5aeYfExAgx76nYcKmvJ1geyKUnb4l0gCLcB/s1600/Table2.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="25" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XuOIELq9g9M/WNJ7-3G7mKI/AAAAAAAAACE/cO5aeYfExAgx76nYcKmvJ1geyKUnb4l0gCLcB/s640/Table2.PNG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Table created by frequency and the associated output of a high pass filter circuit</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>b)Graph for a high pass filter</b><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qfFPmw9yS7U/WNJ9CDhGQQI/AAAAAAAAACM/t6EMOM_oWFgLYhaEgcZQl-WJv4pgO1SoQCLcB/s1600/Capture5.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qfFPmw9yS7U/WNJ9CDhGQQI/AAAAAAAAACM/t6EMOM_oWFgLYhaEgcZQl-WJv4pgO1SoQCLcB/s1600/Capture5.PNG" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Graph created from the table above. The code used is provided below</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
***CODE***<br />
%%<br />
x=[.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1 1.5 2 2.5 3];<br />
y=[.35 .687 1.007 1.303 1.572 1.811 2.02 2.203 2.361 2.495 2.912 3.063 3.082 3.034];<br />
plot(x,y)<br />
xlabel('Freqency (KHz)');<br />
ylabel('Vout (V)');<br />
grid on<br />
<br />
<b>c)Calculate Cutoff of high pass filter</b><br />
<br />
R=7500; C=22*10^-9;<br />
Cutoff=1/(2*pi*C*R)<br />
----------------------> <b>964.5754 Hz</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
~~This cutoff is the same for both low pass and high pass filter.<br />
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15387097232151482469noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9178126424420761245.post-29102625609405551532017-03-13T06:50:00.000-07:002017-03-20T13:47:02.015-07:00Blog week 9<div style="text-align: center;">
Blog Week 9</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>1. Measure the resistance of the speaker. Compare this value with the value you would find online.</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
~~Our speaker: 9 ohms</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
~~Online speaker: 6 to 7 ohms (for an 8 ohm speaker)</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>2. Build the following circuit using a function generator setting the amplitude to 5V (0V offset). What happens when you change the frequency? (video)</b></div>
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<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Frequency<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Observation<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
1 Khz<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Moderate tone (pitch)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
3 Khz<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Moderate-high tone (pitch)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
5 Khz<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
High tone (pitch)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
7 Khz<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Higher tone (pitch)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
9 Khz<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Loud squeal<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Hgs9iiFKXKw/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Hgs9iiFKXKw?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>3. Add one resistor to the circuit in series with the speaker (first 47 Ω, then 820 Ω). Measure the voltage across the speaker. Briefly explain your observations.</b></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
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Resistor value<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Oscilloscope output<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Observation<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">47 Ω</span><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">.49 V (Peak to Peak)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">.3 V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">820 Ω</span><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">.992 V <o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-size: 18px;">(Peak to Peak)</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">.002 V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div>
~~ The observations that we saw during this segment was that the frequency was constant throughout the segment. The voltage and Peak to Peak values were the only varying measurements. The output of the 47 ohm was barely audible however the output of the 820 ohm speaker was not audible to us, as group members.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>4. Build the following circuit. Add a resistor in series to the speaker to have an equivalent resistance of 100 Ω. Note that this circuit is a high pass filter. Set the amplitude of the input signal to 8 V. Change the frequency from low to high to observe the speaker sound. You should not hear anything at the beginning and start hearing the sound after a certain frequency. Use 22 nF for the capacitor.</b></div>
<div>
<b><br /></b></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIS2uhUo94B0HU5HLjDl7qcWbKIbg5oxE8hWkju0J_lrq99xMXpcESKGc1NCejaamqwKDDaqi6LQEikrJlSRoGQWeUTROuwOucs1c3Ahni16KXrlW6osMOdeBcndy5ijzY2TvevGqqVY4/s1600/Capture.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIS2uhUo94B0HU5HLjDl7qcWbKIbg5oxE8hWkju0J_lrq99xMXpcESKGc1NCejaamqwKDDaqi6LQEikrJlSRoGQWeUTROuwOucs1c3Ahni16KXrlW6osMOdeBcndy5ijzY2TvevGqqVY4/s400/Capture.PNG" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Picture obtained from Dr. Kaya's blogsheet</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b>a. Explain the operation. (video)</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/BU4Dqp2LLDE/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/BU4Dqp2LLDE?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
~~<br />
<b>b. Fill out the following table by adding enough (10-15 data points) frequency measurements. Vout is measured with the DMM, thus it will be rms value.</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>c. Draw Vout/Vin with respect to frequency using Excel.</b><br />
<b>d. What is the cut off frequency by looking at the plot in b?</b><br />
<b> </b><span style="text-align: center;">The filter starts attenuating around 9 kHz, which seems to be our cutoff frequency.</span><br />
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbc9uox9t-F0BxhO_MOpQ8P7eyHFr6eaDVKRQAixup_RLBO-hmcxXtAMnc0YS9oizlwxJ4IDABc2a5hti3RW-ydbXBxh0Dd0F7aH4oGIfOz98cdGYYLprL-4yp6M3CIRw2ZIzP2vX8yH8/s1600/Capture.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="289" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbc9uox9t-F0BxhO_MOpQ8P7eyHFr6eaDVKRQAixup_RLBO-hmcxXtAMnc0YS9oizlwxJ4IDABc2a5hti3RW-ydbXBxh0Dd0F7aH4oGIfOz98cdGYYLprL-4yp6M3CIRw2ZIzP2vX8yH8/s640/Capture.PNG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Table and a graph of the measurements obtained during the High Pass filter testing. It shows the Vout/Vin (RMS) on the y-axis and the frequency in kHz on the x-axis.</td></tr>
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<b>e. Draw Vout/Vin with respect to frequency using MATLAB.</b><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgv53DOUMICRKqqaFOjHB1G1hMoRYcWQ_y7JtYayDnbMdiAdj_-cshEoaHHhDSajCuwG7_dGsV5Myo6EGQq9gLZq75RzciwQNzU3u9bwRAVvcL0VEnBDxAWWFmGlh3Dvm4J6BmMWw45uNg/s1600/Capture1.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="482" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgv53DOUMICRKqqaFOjHB1G1hMoRYcWQ_y7JtYayDnbMdiAdj_-cshEoaHHhDSajCuwG7_dGsV5Myo6EGQq9gLZq75RzciwQNzU3u9bwRAVvcL0VEnBDxAWWFmGlh3Dvm4J6BmMWw45uNg/s640/Capture1.PNG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Graph using MatLab where Frequency is in Kilo Hertz and Vout/Vin is in Volts</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b>f. Calculate the cut off frequency theoretically and compare with one that was found in c.</b><br />
<i>R=100; C=22*10^-9;</i><br />
<i>LH=1/(2*pi*R*C)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ <b><span style="font-size: large;">7.2343*10^4 Hz</span></b></i><br />
This differs from the what the cutoff frequency appears to be on our graph (9 kHz), we believe this is because the value calculated is just theoretical, and doesn't have very much merit on our real life circuit. It is odd that it is such a big discrepancy though.<br />
<i><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></i>
<b>g. Explain how the circuit works as a high pass filter.</b><br />
~~A high pass filter decreases the ability for low frequency tones to pass through easily and high frequency tones go through much easier.<br />
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<b>5. Design the circuit in 4 to act as a low pass filter and show its operation. Where would you put the speaker? Repeat 4a-g using the new designed circuit.</b><br />
<b>~~</b>The speaker would go in parallel with the resistor and the capacitor.<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/l1wbW56FoCs/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/l1wbW56FoCs?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<b>~a. Explain the operation. (video)</b><br />
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<b>~b. Fill out the following table by adding enough (10-15 data points) frequency measurements. Vout is measured with the DMM, thus it will be rms value.</b><br />
<b>~c. Draw Vout/Vin with respect to frequency using Excel.</b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRWl5Q3MPYmnuQctRVCur9p8USXXgV98Mc2geW8UBsFEBTDhXKuKWbqe4eD6dCkRTC4oMzXHmzm98q4fxtDWQPbVofkEUgHeaLvBj2CZwaP2ptBdchpJCpOrb3K5n1pDnb0t7kNvP5abc/s1600/Capture2.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="286" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRWl5Q3MPYmnuQctRVCur9p8USXXgV98Mc2geW8UBsFEBTDhXKuKWbqe4eD6dCkRTC4oMzXHmzm98q4fxtDWQPbVofkEUgHeaLvBj2CZwaP2ptBdchpJCpOrb3K5n1pDnb0t7kNvP5abc/s640/Capture2.PNG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b>~d. What is the cut off frequency by looking at the plot in b?</b><br />
<b>~~ </b>Approximately 2KHz<br />
<b>~e. Draw Vout/Vin with respect to frequency using MATLAB. Your code would look like this;</b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXQdQJwUDI2U7I9qwUShyphenhyphenJGo03geBPzZBN2jQj5pHhG8l2NuxaN_dnFB7jt9hEWeLQWhUxzIsHYUq9uYXtyxS7pq_o1dpfSXZL3fPTMAYWwOrYO-AZJY7yizcAoMTBmENuNK1iJ1TdltE/s1600/Capture33.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="545" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXQdQJwUDI2U7I9qwUShyphenhyphenJGo03geBPzZBN2jQj5pHhG8l2NuxaN_dnFB7jt9hEWeLQWhUxzIsHYUq9uYXtyxS7pq_o1dpfSXZL3fPTMAYWwOrYO-AZJY7yizcAoMTBmENuNK1iJ1TdltE/s640/Capture33.PNG" width="640" /></a></div>
<b><br /></b>
<b>~f. Calculate the cut off frequency theoretically and compare with one that was found in c.</b><br />
<i>R=100; C=22*10^-9;</i><br />
<i>LH=1/(2*pi*R*C)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ <b><span style="font-size: large;">7.2343*10^4 Hz</span></b></i><br />
<i><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></i>
<b>~g. Explain how the circuit works as a Low pass filter.</b><br />
~~A low pass filter decreases the ability for high frequency tones to pass through easily and low frequency tones go through much easier.<br />
<br />
<b>6. Construct the following circuit and test the speaker with headsets. Connect the amplifier output directly to the headphone jack (without the potentiometer). Load is the headphone jack in the schematic. “Speculate” the operation of the circuit with a video.</b><br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15387097232151482469noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9178126424420761245.post-43827797073063487392017-03-11T12:06:00.001-08:002017-03-12T18:46:35.966-07:00Blog Week 8<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
Blog Week 8</div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiejUyKmVarb0oMNY-zYJ0-MGqlcwcOMbRMO5xI-LjxFKKvnjVBZfORzpFknpOw-dPWMQeet3s-9Ln51_DafSiSU23qa-BUlKg1m-BuKnoLvsvwOLsN-f7nD0InEDW24W9Pz-nqFdb-r5g/s1600/IMG_7141.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiejUyKmVarb0oMNY-zYJ0-MGqlcwcOMbRMO5xI-LjxFKKvnjVBZfORzpFknpOw-dPWMQeet3s-9Ln51_DafSiSU23qa-BUlKg1m-BuKnoLvsvwOLsN-f7nD0InEDW24W9Pz-nqFdb-r5g/s320/IMG_7141.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Schematic drawing of the Rube Goldberg circuit (an explanation of each part of the circuit will be written below in the following pictures)</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuXJ-aWL0vpfwl2t2hSZ_bSjpA-Q5457bgC9yHHAnva-dqShSPxhzgDtSv54TnqTxphaAbmTQrUi9A__07WzNoqgbS6DmIs4lIN1Jtj9JYZE1Cv78R9hL5xRImDJqeN0lxRyCib4mYpcc/s1600/IMG_7091.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuXJ-aWL0vpfwl2t2hSZ_bSjpA-Q5457bgC9yHHAnva-dqShSPxhzgDtSv54TnqTxphaAbmTQrUi9A__07WzNoqgbS6DmIs4lIN1Jtj9JYZE1Cv78R9hL5xRImDJqeN0lxRyCib4mYpcc/s320/IMG_7091.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">555 Timer with 1.3M ohms of resistance. The Output of the 555 is sent to the 74192 counter. We can alter the speed at which pulses are created by using more resistance.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_XMC4vYOu12GcSDJZrGjrF-xTYvEtZWqq6DiL5FEh-OQIyeX7V2tGEPwUD1rxkq1zdUzAT7DEFE8H-3NOxXrEtJJ4KtJruUPw5lMv0i-2EWAnik_FoyP0yEEmIZGVPOYOAMwGMjLfWqc/s1600/IMG_7092.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_XMC4vYOu12GcSDJZrGjrF-xTYvEtZWqq6DiL5FEh-OQIyeX7V2tGEPwUD1rxkq1zdUzAT7DEFE8H-3NOxXrEtJJ4KtJruUPw5lMv0i-2EWAnik_FoyP0yEEmIZGVPOYOAMwGMjLfWqc/s320/IMG_7092.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The 74192 receives the input from the 555 and converts the pulses that are generated into binary numbers</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE3Kw7N8wuETiLakqjRKLszwPGou0YouC7DZVtPIb2iouekRG39GUkrVN1ennKeq6mBa4FocLskd7ZfqX9_1uAF3N_STeAurr8jSEqQHqVeN4xBr9J58cKe_SoT7kaD4NWVsD70X5D-_w/s1600/IMG_7093.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE3Kw7N8wuETiLakqjRKLszwPGou0YouC7DZVtPIb2iouekRG39GUkrVN1ennKeq6mBa4FocLskd7ZfqX9_1uAF3N_STeAurr8jSEqQHqVeN4xBr9J58cKe_SoT7kaD4NWVsD70X5D-_w/s320/IMG_7093.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The binary numbers are sent to the 7447 which converts the numbers from binary to actual numbers. These numbers are displayed on the 7 segment display</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOV1dGQN7FIBEF0JUaBpnzG86RH-VBxwpwl-H4POtsGJlBaqTCB8QOjPa9ZyGCyZT5LcxX-QjE3MBOrCOw-cD9lX8QcLIl3st-Ssg_SCnE2nWQhh3XyR20yNyW4t2w6WT6d6xvbMaCoII/s1600/IMG_7096.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOV1dGQN7FIBEF0JUaBpnzG86RH-VBxwpwl-H4POtsGJlBaqTCB8QOjPa9ZyGCyZT5LcxX-QjE3MBOrCOw-cD9lX8QcLIl3st-Ssg_SCnE2nWQhh3XyR20yNyW4t2w6WT6d6xvbMaCoII/s320/IMG_7096.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The 7 segment display will display the number that is being received. In example, for the above number "5" the 7447 is receiving 0101 from the 74192 which is binary for "5." Which means that it is the 5th pulse received by the 74192. </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinsxghg7DsgFdWtyZY8YhVYEDO50QaCAl5G9dPuaxgMBs4YCepTy9zMSeBeI_rU5YfxN7nMoeD9riMKGmWWYS6b1A4hPoOkGQ2LiyIgb3oX12PBWa0UpMHbCZ-NkRFvVqoMx1y-T80t4M/s1600/IMG_7097.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinsxghg7DsgFdWtyZY8YhVYEDO50QaCAl5G9dPuaxgMBs4YCepTy9zMSeBeI_rU5YfxN7nMoeD9riMKGmWWYS6b1A4hPoOkGQ2LiyIgb3oX12PBWa0UpMHbCZ-NkRFvVqoMx1y-T80t4M/s320/IMG_7097.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I alter the circuit so that when 9 is displayed an LED turns on. This was accomplished by using an AND gate attached to the 7447. The AND gate is looking for two 1's before it was release an output. Using 9 as the goal number we can use the input pins D and A to obtain the goal. I also ran a diode from the AND gate's output to pin 2 of the 555. This prevents the 555 from continuing to count after 9 is obtained.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxiKvotKNLsvSE5UzO7tzPzF4n_I2759eYl4If1FYk-1y0ht8l5-5FATfmckPIx6h14Q-Mobhs5kMf9TKTKX69pc7yd-2qdFQ5LHd3NqV8mF_7MEs9-l1_h0y-bIS9Jmo0uu1h3-ZBxSA/s1600/IMG_7094.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxiKvotKNLsvSE5UzO7tzPzF4n_I2759eYl4If1FYk-1y0ht8l5-5FATfmckPIx6h14Q-Mobhs5kMf9TKTKX69pc7yd-2qdFQ5LHd3NqV8mF_7MEs9-l1_h0y-bIS9Jmo0uu1h3-ZBxSA/s320/IMG_7094.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The AND gate's steady output is sent to a heat sensor and an OP AMP. The OP AMP is required in order to cause the relay to work. The Output of the relay is connect to a DC motor.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjebflqna-ZNcV4dTWtmAVya2VhSm16miLCraDYzt7iqnIIpBx_99lnIeYhuER6khyph36r426RPMO8DskdlYfT8itfvlyT4_e3Lsf9Iq-kORuxZvo3YAaehZi_cGb155ptjyDBBotnK94/s1600/IMG_7095.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjebflqna-ZNcV4dTWtmAVya2VhSm16miLCraDYzt7iqnIIpBx_99lnIeYhuER6khyph36r426RPMO8DskdlYfT8itfvlyT4_e3Lsf9Iq-kORuxZvo3YAaehZi_cGb155ptjyDBBotnK94/s320/IMG_7095.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The DC motor then spins, and the wire at the end of it acts as a "blade" like as seen in a mixer.</td></tr>
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Here is a video of the entire circuit with a commentated explanation </div>
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TWO ISSUES:</div>
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The first issue I had in this lab was figuring out a way to make the circuit stop at a given number. I tried a few ideas. doing a little experimenting I noticed that if I ran an input into the comparator pin of the 555 it caused the circuit to stop counting. This gave me the idea to use the output of the AND gate to make it stop at 9. I used a diode to prevent back flow. Without the diode, the circuit just stops counting at whatever number it starts out on.</div>
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The second issue I had was a very simple solution. I needed to prolong the circuit long enough to reach the time requirement. I had to play around with the resistance of the 555 timer in order to make the circuit last much longer.</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15387097232151482469noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9178126424420761245.post-34902418434235768392017-02-20T05:45:00.000-08:002017-02-27T05:27:57.900-08:00Blog 7<div style="text-align: center;">
<u><b>Blog 7</b></u></div>
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<b>1.) Force sensing resistor gives a resistance value with respect to the force that is applied on it. Try
different loads (Pinching, squeezing with objects, etc.) and write down the resistance values. </b></div>
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Force<o:p></o:p></div>
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Measured Resistance <o:p></o:p></div>
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Light touch<o:p></o:p></div>
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23k ohms<o:p></o:p></div>
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Firm touch<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
2.4k ohms<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Hard touch<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
1.08k ohms<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Hard press<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
282 ohms<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
~~The harder we pressed the sensor the less amount of resistance it has. However, without being touch it reads that it has a resistance value of 0 ohms. The maximum level or resistance achieved was 335k to 1.3M ohms. This is a huge range, this is likely do to the DMM reading the resistance as pressure is being taken off of it.<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>2.) <u> 7 Segment display:</u></b></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div>
<b>a. Check the manual of 7 segment display. Pdf document’s page 5 (or in the document page 4)
circuit B is the one we have. Connect pin 3 or pin 14 to 5 V. Connect a 330 Ω resistor to pin
1. Other end of the resistor goes to ground. Which line lit up? Using package dimensions and
function for B (page 4 in pdf), explain the operation of the 7 segment display by lighting up
different segments. (EXPLAIN with VIDEO). </b></div>
<div>
~~ When we connected power to pin 3 and a 330 ohm to pin one the upper segment of the 7 segment display lit up.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/3nBjQ9PvpJ0/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/3nBjQ9PvpJ0?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Video showing how each of the seven segments can be powered in 7 segment display</div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b><br /></b></div>
<div>
<b>b. Using resistors for each segment, make the display show 0 and 5. (EXPLAIN with PHOTOs)</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEih9HiAljl_zHtAmMcuzLMfmN56hH0WwuApbg5rikP-REpfMzDNgKXKY4OKrkOjkI3rC-5zetzOOwAEHBTpdn5SxoKzFM_s70_N3RN2J6PtMnfic8vSNWJnjLD9RC_VFjHk5WTzy51aum4/s1600/IMG_7020.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEih9HiAljl_zHtAmMcuzLMfmN56hH0WwuApbg5rikP-REpfMzDNgKXKY4OKrkOjkI3rC-5zetzOOwAEHBTpdn5SxoKzFM_s70_N3RN2J6PtMnfic8vSNWJnjLD9RC_VFjHk5WTzy51aum4/s320/IMG_7020.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig 1: Picture of a 5 being displayed on a 7-segment display</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCqr4kKFzcmVBNKwkNUoACzyZgop05Ax_rNSBZgs16khbTkEnq41Pf2vcUAGM9v1ulq7ReWGnZqHEH3klsRFYTe1N_65MqCGKS5wic0qi5fxOSCluA67Kkd3yiAAwEMKkgGjqQsLlr1Ck/s1600/IMG_7019.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCqr4kKFzcmVBNKwkNUoACzyZgop05Ax_rNSBZgs16khbTkEnq41Pf2vcUAGM9v1ulq7ReWGnZqHEH3klsRFYTe1N_65MqCGKS5wic0qi5fxOSCluA67Kkd3yiAAwEMKkgGjqQsLlr1Ck/s320/IMG_7019.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig 2: Picture of a 0 being displayed on a7-segment display</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
~~The number that gets displayed is dependent on which pins are powered. There are 14 pins and 8 of those pins are used to power LED inside the 7-segment display. A combination of the correct pins can be used to display a number of choice.<br />
<br />
<b>3.) Display driver (7447). This integrated circuit (IC) is designed to drive 7 segment display through resistors. Check the data sheet. A, B, C, and D are binary inputs. Pins 9 through 15 are outputs that go to the display. Pin 8 is ground and pin 16 is 5 V.</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>a. By connecting inputs either 0 V or 5 V, check the output voltages of the driver. Explain how the inputs and outputs are related. Provide two different input combinations. (EXPLAIN with PHOTOs and TRUTH TABLE)</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHXt-UYD9fI58BLB3mGUMIYZ_NujM5lJO1DKPzXdw3-BlRVSoyWXrKVIIJ972LLOYmkMR2r-XE1QBL-jLfeTpqvX1xMpLkmaePqT5IiBrx41WOJ_uvt2uCUSNm1bLnHxcA7dFdoqpnI58/s1600/Capture.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="294" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHXt-UYD9fI58BLB3mGUMIYZ_NujM5lJO1DKPzXdw3-BlRVSoyWXrKVIIJ972LLOYmkMR2r-XE1QBL-jLfeTpqvX1xMpLkmaePqT5IiBrx41WOJ_uvt2uCUSNm1bLnHxcA7dFdoqpnI58/s640/Capture.PNG" width="640" /></a><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="Displaying 20170222_084101.jpg" height="400" src="https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?ui=2&ik=cee481d467&view=fimg&th=15a7fb5a990ea745&attid=0.1&disp=inline&realattid=1560492117835382784-local0&safe=1&attbid=ANGjdJ8vAr-uGyBWeUmbIRPJC_8_iN6rz86tHYU3h_u2VKSnCabm-QtfU2YqPlOi-NHaaUOzPB9xT4HZNhJdQVbbTVIXD3S8hqqiOGqaeRtBS4gLyxkbqvjxAX2eoDA&ats=1488201729895&rm=15a7fb5a990ea745&zw&sz=w1920-h989" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="224" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Input combination 1: This corresponds to the number '8' because the D input is the only high voltage input the rest are grounded. All the of the output pins light up the LED.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="Displaying 20170222_083942.jpg" height="400" src="https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?ui=2&ik=cee481d467&view=fimg&th=15a7fb5a990ea745&attid=0.2&disp=inline&realattid=1560492117835382784-local1&safe=1&attbid=ANGjdJ_H3Atv3wlBuYgY0afxCeQ0R_d69Cj3wkHXYcDFHM3_O7tW1L54mhz2D3CteIn9cT8KS-0BYCvwCtiQdi-3XMVar2RgVVD1GPSvdYhPcf5qkFvG7TmLQKGYJmA&ats=1488201729896&rm=15a7fb5a990ea745&zw&sz=w1920-h989" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="224" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Input combination 2: This corresponds to the number '1' because the A input is the only high voltage input the rest are grounded. Only the b and c output pins light up the LED.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b>b. Connect the display driver to the 7 segment display. 330 Ω resistors need to be used between the display driver outputs and the display (a total of 7 resistors). Verify your question 3a outputs with those input combinations. (EXPLAIN with VIDEO)</b><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dx2uHpGzaWgvKATCGy7mdugL6V_zv8UABGCqtO5ICwFXG2MSvMVimNZJcyykGzPatFDlITonwb5I5BdJIuYlg' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
<br />
<u><br /></u>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><u>555 Timer</u></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>4.) a. Construct the circuit in Fig. 14 of the 555 timer data sheet. VCC = 5V. No RL (no connection to
pin 3). RA = 150 kΩ, RB = 300 kΩ, and C = 1 µF (smaller sized capacitor). 0.01 µF capacitor is
somewhat larger in size. Observe your output voltage at pin 3 by oscilloscope. (Breadboard
and Oscilloscope PHOTOs) </b><br />
<b><br /><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoXZVXTs6gCdccnfqhOFp8c3o4SbWy-KMkZnXFO0AuICzuSOyLho1hLImI7Y3s7pQNcUkXe45314PhFd9qWA7ahwYSLdAW9dZsg7RVBESKfq7obDOMIoxIM6qRFmSACtr8mz_b_OTGmbw/s1600/IMG_7021.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoXZVXTs6gCdccnfqhOFp8c3o4SbWy-KMkZnXFO0AuICzuSOyLho1hLImI7Y3s7pQNcUkXe45314PhFd9qWA7ahwYSLdAW9dZsg7RVBESKfq7obDOMIoxIM6qRFmSACtr8mz_b_OTGmbw/s320/IMG_7021.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig 3: Picture of the breadboard of the 555 timer which is hooked up to the oscilloscope</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</b><br />
<b><br /><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWxUcH7P_LJB0XUfAS_s1HkspaysQZlQycERbQc1pOKWnqPCcJGorjCmJ3-raPVgfAEJOO3eWgMtapBhOqd_8QfBnDsCuFK3b1L6av99FS-1a1e6D_6_t59iMuiHRDNI0EXeH3dT4jMfM/s1600/IMG_7022.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWxUcH7P_LJB0XUfAS_s1HkspaysQZlQycERbQc1pOKWnqPCcJGorjCmJ3-raPVgfAEJOO3eWgMtapBhOqd_8QfBnDsCuFK3b1L6av99FS-1a1e6D_6_t59iMuiHRDNI0EXeH3dT4jMfM/s320/IMG_7022.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig 4: Picture of the oscilloscopes readings that were obtained from the circuit featured in Fig 3.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
~~ From this picture (Fig 4) we can see that the 555 timer is generating a pulse. In terms of the graph, the circuit is outputting an actual signal, so "on" during the upper section of the pulse. While on the lower part of the graph the 555 is not outputting a signal, so it in an "off" state.<br />
<br />
~~ We can also see from Fig 4 that the 555 timer is on for slightly longer than it is off.<br />
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>b. Does your frequency and duty cycle match with the theoretical value? Explain your work</b><b>.</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
~~The measured frequency and the measured duty cycle are as follow: 1.74Hz and the duty cycle is ON for 56.5% of the time, OFF for 43.4% today.<br />
<br />
~~I obtained the numbers by using the oscilliscope. Each box being 500ms. It shows that the system is 'off' for 500ms and On for 1.3 boxes or about 650ms.<br />
<br />
~~The frequency is obtain by the equation F=1/T, where T is the period. We know it takes 1.15 seconds for a two periods to occur. So... F= 1/(1.15*.5) 1.74 Hz<br />
<br />
~~ The theorectical values should be 50% on and off for the duty cycle. So no we do not match the theoretical values. However, we are very close.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>c. Connect the force sensing resistor in series with RA. How can you make the circuit give an
output? Can the frequency of the output be modified with the force sensing resistor?
(Explain with VIDEO)</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/wE5bKb10QSY/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/wE5bKb10QSY?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Video showing how a pressure sensor can be used with a 555 timer</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><u>74192</u></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<b>5. Connect your 555 timer output to pin 5 of 74192. Observe the input and each output on the
oscilloscope. (EXPLAIN with VIDEO and TRUTH TABLE)</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; text-align: center;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.25pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Count<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
D<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
C<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
B<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
A<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.25pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.25pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.25pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
2<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.25pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
3<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.25pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.25pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.25pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.25pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
7<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.25pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
8<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.25pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
9<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
~~Here we have a truth table for the 74192 IC. Depending on what output pins you are reading you will observe a different count. For example, if you are reading an output from pin A and B you will get a count of 3. This is viewed by the oscilloscope as a faster frequency than a count of a lesser value.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
Frequency of 9 (count) > 1 (count)<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/wbb_DrbU3k8/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/wbb_DrbU3k8?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Video showing the different frequencies achieved by various outputs of the 74192</div>
<br />
<br />
<u><b>7486 XOR gate</b></u><br />
<u><b><br /></b></u>
<br />
<div style="text-align: start;">
<b>6. 7486 (XOR gate). Pin diagram of the circuit is given in the logic gates pin diagram pdf file. Ground pin is 7. Pin 14 will be connected to 5 V. There are 4 XOR gates. Pins are numbered. Connect a 330 Ω resistor at the output of one of the XOR gates.</b></div>
<div style="text-align: start;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: start;">
<b>~a. Put an LED in series to the resistor. Negative end of the LED (shorter wire) should be connected to the ground. By choosing different input combinations (DC 0V and DC 5 V), prove XOR operation through LED. (EXPLAIN with VIDEO)</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/To-NPwu07yk/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/To-NPwu07yk?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Video showing the properties of an XOR gate</div>
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: start;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: start;">
<b>~b. Connect XOR’s inputs to the BCD counters C and D outputs. Explain your observation. (EXPLAIN with VIDEO)</b><br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/1_wCLnWUS5c/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/1_wCLnWUS5c?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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Video showing how the 17492 can be used with a XOR gate</div>
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: start;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: start;">
<b>~c. For 6b, draw the following signals together: 555 timer (clock), A, B, C, and D outputs of 74192, and the XOR output. (EXPLAIN with VIDEO)</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/U63ByuRF6bU/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/U63ByuRF6bU?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Video showing the relationship between the different output frequencies</div>
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b>
<b><u>Connect</u></b><br />
<b><u><br /></u></b>
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>7. Connect the entire circuit: Force sensing resistor triggers the 555 timer. 555 timer’s output is used
as clock for the counter. Counter is then connected to the driver (Counter’s A, B, C, D to driver’s A, B,
C, D). Driver is connected to the display through resistors. XOR gate is connected to the counter’s C
and D inputs as well and an LED with a resistor is connected to the XOR output. Draw the circuit
schematic. (VIDEO and PHOTO) </b><br />
<b><br /></b>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/0QOGxwehJ4s/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/0QOGxwehJ4s?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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Video of the completed circuit with everything connected together</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfWsqFkw34GqgRIKntUgqehDVzhm2i0QoCI0DKmVRE1hCwnLeu4adf0pGyVKFziCNP-9L4TpH3g9Y5jdgetA1ayosvwMgAUKrpajWhjieZkonf4pcHww6E6H1mcv6wWyQj55Mfo9rt-wQ/s1600/IMG_7063.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfWsqFkw34GqgRIKntUgqehDVzhm2i0QoCI0DKmVRE1hCwnLeu4adf0pGyVKFziCNP-9L4TpH3g9Y5jdgetA1ayosvwMgAUKrpajWhjieZkonf4pcHww6E6H1mcv6wWyQj55Mfo9rt-wQ/s320/IMG_7063.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig 5: Picture of the entire circuit</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjw2cXb5xu2rPO8OKXpeKle5pd9KHPciv6pfqsmrKFTdQzqulnFrkgDR6fNjoMKoJ22eq2bXdAJ8hucaMfcUf7Js8MjMTT1AQpC-G9zSGXLCbz8DhTAG8CVeIxIVZ0pxAfSXA3B_nMxkpM/s1600/IMG_7064.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjw2cXb5xu2rPO8OKXpeKle5pd9KHPciv6pfqsmrKFTdQzqulnFrkgDR6fNjoMKoJ22eq2bXdAJ8hucaMfcUf7Js8MjMTT1AQpC-G9zSGXLCbz8DhTAG8CVeIxIVZ0pxAfSXA3B_nMxkpM/s320/IMG_7064.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig 6: Picture of the breadboard featured on the right in FIG 5</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFAwp9vdkclJ16kxnEsU5eqCiHVTGSR-Vg_hx86z38saRk-BnbKlc0CZbgNHdC4_h4McztZFR-hEUgmpt2v2j_u4Jcj6RmyHPasi75u2A_OUPWiKiR3cfnC7bcVKJ4IDgIJb05tIzj2UY/s1600/IMG_7065.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFAwp9vdkclJ16kxnEsU5eqCiHVTGSR-Vg_hx86z38saRk-BnbKlc0CZbgNHdC4_h4McztZFR-hEUgmpt2v2j_u4Jcj6RmyHPasi75u2A_OUPWiKiR3cfnC7bcVKJ4IDgIJb05tIzj2UY/s320/IMG_7065.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig 7: Picture of the breadboard featured on the left in FIG 5</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IfVDBWp19Gw/WLNdoULftRI/AAAAAAAAABA/KhfhHvCv0kMWU6bw4puhkeFe2LwjuRqXACLcB/s1600/393Blog7S1.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="277" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IfVDBWp19Gw/WLNdoULftRI/AAAAAAAAABA/KhfhHvCv0kMWU6bw4puhkeFe2LwjuRqXACLcB/s400/393Blog7S1.PNG" width="400" /></a></div>
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Fig 8: Schematic of the above circuit.</div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<b><u>OR Gate</u></b><br />
<b><u><br /></u></b>
<span style="text-align: start;"><b>8. Using other logic gates provided (AND and OR), come up with a different LED lighting scheme. (EXPLAIN with VIDEO)</b></span></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/iqJhwuu7o5s/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/iqJhwuu7o5s?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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Video showing how an OR gate be used in series with the XOR gate to turn on an LED. </div>
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(an AND gate would have worked as well just would have need to signals to the input pins as apposed to 1 or 2 for the OR gate.)</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15387097232151482469noreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9178126424420761245.post-67798859000351194012017-02-13T05:11:00.002-08:002017-02-20T15:50:06.309-08:00Week 6<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Week 6 Blog</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><u>Operational Amplifiers</u></b><br />
<b><u><br /></u></b>
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<b><u><br /></u></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<b>1. You will use the OPAMP in “open-loop” configuration in this part, where input signals will be applied
directly to the pins 2 and 3.</b><br />
<div>
<b><br /></b>
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<div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrkRGvSuuV2ppKgxWKAEUB8oSY70mcan10vbAGoGJwby6BGV5gSSPMD95hGEOHybyOyH-ipYfKsOvgwbdWTJaTBbMp8TL64Q0UxvZbLosru8QW2Z6awtUgbxbUZgi4wAsof8QSUXedrEo/s1600/Capture.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrkRGvSuuV2ppKgxWKAEUB8oSY70mcan10vbAGoGJwby6BGV5gSSPMD95hGEOHybyOyH-ipYfKsOvgwbdWTJaTBbMp8TL64Q0UxvZbLosru8QW2Z6awtUgbxbUZgi4wAsof8QSUXedrEo/s640/Capture.PNG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 1: Image of IC chip, and schematics of (Non)-Inverting Amplifiers</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b>~~a. Apply 0 V to the inverting input. Sweep the non-inverting input (Vin) from -5 V to 5 V with 1 V
steps. Take more steps around 0 V (both positive and negative). Create a table for Vin and Vout.
Plot the data (Vout vs Vin). Discuss your results. What would be the ideal plot?</b></div>
<div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsgGqzaRurSK7HkLZ7i1c6uvru2yqTyYoGPo1ScwlynEB_Drywa8PGgg-cmnMVjH4vAUZe6KjWLr1UUmNKTVBm1pcwKumr7z-l0PEuZYoFklE2fefbEMgRxqLImLzvwpxaBPIenKOB0lY/s1600/Capture.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="27" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsgGqzaRurSK7HkLZ7i1c6uvru2yqTyYoGPo1ScwlynEB_Drywa8PGgg-cmnMVjH4vAUZe6KjWLr1UUmNKTVBm1pcwKumr7z-l0PEuZYoFklE2fefbEMgRxqLImLzvwpxaBPIenKOB0lY/s640/Capture.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrGp1qUC_pPRlC2w7wgLKa0zmp5m8NQ1rTz30_rKrtZjFNZp5hyphenhyphenvEw-bxhfyEmK6b3Ky7grhDwr1fAxSX9_yOK0oNnFbnPV7WS5PywsGA1k57nNSKN966ur_y5drIqAcxxx1KdDhkjDkk/s1600/Capture.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="388" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrGp1qUC_pPRlC2w7wgLKa0zmp5m8NQ1rTz30_rKrtZjFNZp5hyphenhyphenvEw-bxhfyEmK6b3Ky7grhDwr1fAxSX9_yOK0oNnFbnPV7WS5PywsGA1k57nNSKN966ur_y5drIqAcxxx1KdDhkjDkk/s640/Capture.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 1a) An OP-AMP cannot exceed the supply voltage, in this case +5 V and -5 V. This is illustrated by the orange line. However, since ideal measurements are only theoretical, our measured values only were at -3.6 and +4.5 V. The other main difference between our measured and ideal values is that, because the gain is so high, the graph looks like a vertical line at 0. At 0, our DMM read -3.6 V.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b><br /></b>
<b>~~b. Apply 0 V to the non-inverting input. Sweep the inverting input (Vin) from -5 V to 5 V with 1 V
steps. Take more steps around 0 V (both positive and negative). Create a table for Vin and Vout.
Plot the data (Vout vs Vin). Discuss your results. What would be the ideal plot? </b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzaBjInBPveV2djJjErNU_aiAIrF21GNava-zW61BtGCifyiIyCX4zBf1uBUh1NLEdGR4Zkk5Jcn4jR8ulP_MhedratICO-zg_io0JEc0NmMXWkAQETxiplPThyTI8hzAjYqXpgTQ4VXE/s1600/Capture.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="24" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzaBjInBPveV2djJjErNU_aiAIrF21GNava-zW61BtGCifyiIyCX4zBf1uBUh1NLEdGR4Zkk5Jcn4jR8ulP_MhedratICO-zg_io0JEc0NmMXWkAQETxiplPThyTI8hzAjYqXpgTQ4VXE/s640/Capture.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUjbtxA4WYKbQ1YTgpPGZ_O4bvmYb0l7oXT_2zwQotFwnH1hX6iBOpuicNpe3NUENuo7HanKcidnTUqPSJfiaaQ5BdNEkIh_6iJQoFPSfovK-fb2VIfOB_9EwUqd32_Q-OYYlLyS_vyhU/s1600/Capture.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUjbtxA4WYKbQ1YTgpPGZ_O4bvmYb0l7oXT_2zwQotFwnH1hX6iBOpuicNpe3NUENuo7HanKcidnTUqPSJfiaaQ5BdNEkIh_6iJQoFPSfovK-fb2VIfOB_9EwUqd32_Q-OYYlLyS_vyhU/s640/Capture.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 1b) As you can see, this graph is essentially the reverse of Figure 1a. This makes sense because the circuit was mostly the same, except for the fact that our input voltage was connected to the inverting input. The same still holds true for the limits of the output voltage. However, at 0 our DMM read 4.54 V. The fact that no OP-AMP is ideal is why the orange and blue lines are not the same.</td></tr>
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<div>
<b>2. Create a non-inverting amplifier. (R2 = 2 kΩ, R1 = 1 kΩ). Sweep Vin from -5 V to 5 V with 1 V steps.
Create a table for Vin and Vout. Plot the measured and calculated data together. </b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiumpXF_EmhGlV3P71MfFcyyfhdAUITSkfIIcNWVqcbfaaQXjEuPgCOaubYkIGnFcvPkrFf3RlKRfHUqXz-0_kd0lB3Vp1Q4sJhd_w0KmLqpL5EqCZGNqbeXXEe6r73UqKkbBoQVkteJ-E/s1600/Capture.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="44" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiumpXF_EmhGlV3P71MfFcyyfhdAUITSkfIIcNWVqcbfaaQXjEuPgCOaubYkIGnFcvPkrFf3RlKRfHUqXz-0_kd0lB3Vp1Q4sJhd_w0KmLqpL5EqCZGNqbeXXEe6r73UqKkbBoQVkteJ-E/s640/Capture.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrKLyZ5zrm7gpX-kkeUvbxsbmRi80Ou54ssCiZB8OaaNY4SmdaaMZaBbf5qiCZfoG7XZJ7M-_9RqwJkIOGMhS2CdbEx87_dVatlTWzhvzJTM8I_2-4SqLNU3IXWLzQElXl5S4Mm4R5DN8/s1600/Capture.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="408" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrKLyZ5zrm7gpX-kkeUvbxsbmRi80Ou54ssCiZB8OaaNY4SmdaaMZaBbf5qiCZfoG7XZJ7M-_9RqwJkIOGMhS2CdbEx87_dVatlTWzhvzJTM8I_2-4SqLNU3IXWLzQElXl5S4Mm4R5DN8/s640/Capture.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 1c) Our calculated values show what an ideal non inverting OP-AMP graph would look like. As you can see the values we measured were higher/lower than ideal, which is what one would expect. The gain for this circuit was 3. </td></tr>
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<b>3. Create an inverting amplifier. (Rf = 2 kΩ, Rin = 1 kΩ). Sweep Vin from -5 V to 5 V with 1 V steps. Create
a table for Vin and Vout. Plot the measured and calculated data together.</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRi2b8rSQjCqz-Jq_4frJ8wMorZtr4WanZI4IQOCfR4JlQy1ZFXrqlts_0v8BZqA2SK4a9wKIM6FS6poeXKneKpWQXCTjssdMhyuoaNzlwmrFx2Hlif2Q0ojyp5pI51lMoQJP4SgjNnf4/s1600/Capture.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="48" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRi2b8rSQjCqz-Jq_4frJ8wMorZtr4WanZI4IQOCfR4JlQy1ZFXrqlts_0v8BZqA2SK4a9wKIM6FS6poeXKneKpWQXCTjssdMhyuoaNzlwmrFx2Hlif2Q0ojyp5pI51lMoQJP4SgjNnf4/s640/Capture.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiymAPb4Q-RAnuaOMbNe4APV6qzJjjt6zGLpwluaQNqjPWMSK99R0eVp-EMD9IBMJLQIkwczZZltsAEMhzCoH7XGADxjw1lwScN7V36ofEQnysPTB1KADia846BaPp0vUUF4O-wHnu5OBc/s1600/Capture.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="384" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiymAPb4Q-RAnuaOMbNe4APV6qzJjjt6zGLpwluaQNqjPWMSK99R0eVp-EMD9IBMJLQIkwczZZltsAEMhzCoH7XGADxjw1lwScN7V36ofEQnysPTB1KADia846BaPp0vUUF4O-wHnu5OBc/s640/Capture.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 1d) Our calculated values show what an ideal inverting amp graph would look like. As you can see the values we measured were lower/higher than ideal, which is what one would expect. The gain for this circuit was -2. As the name indicates, an inverting amplifier takes a negative input voltage and outputs a positive voltage, and vice versa.</td></tr>
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<b><br /></b>
<b>4. Explain how an OPAMP works. How come is the gain of the OPAMP in the open loop configuration
too high but inverting/non-inverting amplifier configurations provide such a small gain? </b><br />
~~The OPAMP works by using two inputs (+ and -) to receive electricity. If more voltage goes through into the + than the - then it outputs as much voltage as it can. Visa Versa, if more voltage enters into the - than the + then it outputs no voltage.<br />
~~The OPAMP in the open loop has a gain much higher than the inverting/non-inverting configuration. If we simply look at the equations we see<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
Open loop gain: ( V<span style="font-size: xx-small;">out</span> )/( V<span style="font-size: xx-small;">+</span> <span style="font-size: large;">- </span>V<span style="font-size: xx-small;">- </span>)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Inverting gain: -(Rf / Rin)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Non-inverting gain:1+ (R2 / R1)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>***REFER TO FIGURE 1 FOR DETAILS PERTAINING TO THE RESISTORS***</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
~~Generally the reason why the gain is smaller is because the resistors dampen the abilities to produce higher gain.</div>
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<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><u>Temperature Controlled LED System</u></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>1. Connect your DC power supply to pin 2 and ground pin 5. Set your power supply to 0V. Switch
your multimeter to measure the resistance mode; use your multimeter to measure the
resistance between pin 4 and pin 1. Do the same measurement between pin 3 and pin 1. Explain
your findings (EXPLAIN).</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
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<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
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<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Vin<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Pins 1 to 3<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Pins 1 to 4<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
0 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
0.953<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
OL<o:p></o:p></div>
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</tr>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
1 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
0.949<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
OL<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
2 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
0.961<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
OL<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
3 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
0.959<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
OL<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
4 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
0.976<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
OL<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
5 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
0.996<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
OL<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
6 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
OL<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
0.960<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
7 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
OL<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
0.962<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
8 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
OL<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
0.963<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>2. Now sweep your DC power supply from 0V to 8V and back to 0V. What do you observe at the
multimeter (resistance measurements similar to #1)? Did you hear a clicking sound? How many
times? What is the “threshold voltage values” that cause the “switching?” (EXPLAIN with a
VIDEO).</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/zup17vYASlU/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/zup17vYASlU?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Video explaining how the relay clicks during energizing and de-energizing phases</div>
<br />
<b>*Further explaination: </b>For pins 1 to 3 and pins 1 to 4 the multimeter was reading
the same as number 1. I heard 4 clicks when I did the operation for both
trials. The clicks closer to the 0V was a deeper click and the clicks closer to
the 8V had a higher toned pitch. The Threshold voltage is about 6 voltages when
it energizes and then about 2 V is the lower side when it de energized.<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>3. How does the relay work? Apply a separate DC voltage of 5 V to pin 1. Check the voltage value
of pin 3 and pin 4 (each with respect to ground) while switching the relay (EXPLAIN with a
VIDEO).</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/f_qwae-c89Y/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/f_qwae-c89Y?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Video explaining how a relay works as a switch and an amplifier </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Pin 3<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Pin 4<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
1.2 ohms<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
1.1 ohms<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
OL<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
OL<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<o:p> *These are the numbers we got when running this experiment</o:p></div>
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><u>LED + Relay </u></b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhr3udRbbjnZBJCRhz1Fu_r8PwzcL6sQmr-tQk9d6meGxpM5jbQPnSEBnafMujy7IAqMMiUq8Um-uI-KVdt2vdUEQ8C8O1ggqdDNYF3t0Mp5wxUXrqvg8Aim0HeE_970GKtn_J-RMepaY/s1600/Capture.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhr3udRbbjnZBJCRhz1Fu_r8PwzcL6sQmr-tQk9d6meGxpM5jbQPnSEBnafMujy7IAqMMiUq8Um-uI-KVdt2vdUEQ8C8O1ggqdDNYF3t0Mp5wxUXrqvg8Aim0HeE_970GKtn_J-RMepaY/s320/Capture.PNG" width="320" /></a></div>
<b><u><br /></u></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>1. Connect positive end of the LED diode to the pin 3 of the relay and negative end to a 100 ohm
resistor. Ground the other end of the resistor. Negative end of the diode will be the shorter
wire.</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>2. Apply 3 V to pin 1</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>3. Turn LED on/off by switching the relay. Explain your results in the video. Draw the circuit
schematic (VIDEO)</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/0UZql-JGaVE/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/0UZql-JGaVE?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Video showing how the relay is amplifying the signal to power the LED</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Q_0qDxcME7c/WKtkPoS8edI/AAAAAAAAAAg/ToFluQAjnL073S2KGNFaxs_OdDp15oUowCLcB/s1600/393Blog6S1.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="243" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Q_0qDxcME7c/WKtkPoS8edI/AAAAAAAAAAg/ToFluQAjnL073S2KGNFaxs_OdDp15oUowCLcB/s320/393Blog6S1.PNG" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
This is the schematic of our LED+Relay Circuit.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><u>Operational Amplifier</u></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b> 1. Connect the power supplies to the op-amp (+10V and 0V). Show the operation of LM 124
operational amplifier in DC mode with a non-inverting amplifier configuration. Choose any
opamp in the IC. Method: Use several R1 and R2 configurations and change your input voltage
(voltages between 0 and 10V) and record your output voltage. (EXPLAIN with a TABLE)</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Input<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Output (R1= 100 ohm, R2=100 ohm)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Output (R1= 1000 ohm, R2=100 ohm)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Output (R1= 1200 ohm, R2=100 ohm)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
1.3<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
1.8<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
2.1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
4.91<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
6.33<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
6.8<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
7<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
7.6<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
7.7<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
7.9<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b> </b>*Table displaying our results from the op-amp experiment </div>
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>2. Use your temperature sensor as your input. Do you think you can generate enough voltage to
trigger the relay? (EXPLAIN)</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><i>*CAN'T DO NO TEMPERATURE SENSOR TO USE.</i></b><br />
<b><br /></b>
But if we had to hypothesize then no I don't believe our temperature sensor alone can trigger our relay, because it won't have enough voltage to it.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>3. Design a system where LED light turns on when you heat up the temperature sensor. (CIRCUIT
schematic and explanation in a VIDEO)</b><br />
<br />
<b><i>*CAN'T DO NO TEMPERATURE SENSOR TO USE.</i></b><br />
<b><i><br /></i></b>
But if we had to only draw the circuit out this is what we would get started with below:<br />
<i><br /></i>
<i>*Note we didn't include the voltages or the resistance, because without trying the circuit we don't actually know the real numbers to it. So we just labeled everything ambiguously (V1,V2 and R1).</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FtXNAcYdsMQ/WKtk8pn0KKI/AAAAAAAAAAo/HJlE3z8AkcUhgDegeN8ni3oQ42SMHLoPACLcB/s1600/393Blog6S2.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="186" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FtXNAcYdsMQ/WKtk8pn0KKI/AAAAAAAAAAo/HJlE3z8AkcUhgDegeN8ni3oQ42SMHLoPACLcB/s320/393Blog6S2.PNG" width="320" /></a></div>
<i><br /></i>
<b><i><br /></i></b>
<b><i><br /></i></b></div>
</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15387097232151482469noreply@blogger.com19tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9178126424420761245.post-68792828060083297002017-02-06T05:06:00.000-08:002017-02-13T04:26:21.129-08:00Blog Week 5<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Week 5 Blog</b></div>
<b><br /></b>
<b>1. Functional check: Oscilloscope manual page 5. Perform the functional check (photo).</b><br />
<b> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOs0mNE1K_0Am5YEdj3Rw0CGucAJOdh4en3lgDkzN1sdhzfFbcJEw9MoQKlqEgzhtN8LclGf_WY_Zp2m9V4khxzbihEB5rALTPXMIuoh6bZjJHh-2_1YUCDv5EWA5nbcYYmdJo788ptpk/s1600/IMG_6930.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOs0mNE1K_0Am5YEdj3Rw0CGucAJOdh4en3lgDkzN1sdhzfFbcJEw9MoQKlqEgzhtN8LclGf_WY_Zp2m9V4khxzbihEB5rALTPXMIuoh6bZjJHh-2_1YUCDv5EWA5nbcYYmdJo788ptpk/s320/IMG_6930.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A picture of a successful functional test</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>2. Perform manual probe compensation (Oscilloscope manual page 8) (Photo of overcompensation and proper compensation).</b><br />
<b><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJVMT97zuwqXz4zwV1LnXS8P3KZff6FryTpVwKoJtmmHhqxTumoa27zyvDJDTc21RnZ0hoUwofqy1Rq3QsFSCag_nlpdnEjPLVJPSQ8ZGjxT_c36QggU4Qr68Th1lWiKyezYHLnTpanLY/s1600/IMG_6932.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJVMT97zuwqXz4zwV1LnXS8P3KZff6FryTpVwKoJtmmHhqxTumoa27zyvDJDTc21RnZ0hoUwofqy1Rq3QsFSCag_nlpdnEjPLVJPSQ8ZGjxT_c36QggU4Qr68Th1lWiKyezYHLnTpanLY/s320/IMG_6932.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Picture of Overcompensation</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</b><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi35JG4zK2VRDLG0ZlXXz_1n2lJUup0K5q3ERXnDPQ2XRD3qYwHUfj6y7syRIXjBC7pW2FxE5F2QdWTDpUOM9Quj3I38FHoz8MaRiwDILrhlP6ECBQyUOEy-7YvqiogqUOQ5QfmG0yUK_A/s1600/IMG_6931.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi35JG4zK2VRDLG0ZlXXz_1n2lJUup0K5q3ERXnDPQ2XRD3qYwHUfj6y7syRIXjBC7pW2FxE5F2QdWTDpUOM9Quj3I38FHoz8MaRiwDILrhlP6ECBQyUOEy-7YvqiogqUOQ5QfmG0yUK_A/s320/IMG_6931.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Picture of proper compensation</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>3. What does probe attenuation (1x vs 10x) do (Oscilloscope manual page 9)?</b><br />
~~Probe attenuation adjusts the voltage of the incoming signal by increasing impedance. This is done so that more accurate measurements can be taken. The 1x and 10x designation determines to which factor the voltage decreases/impedance increases. 1x doesn't change anything, it is a 1:1 ratio. This setting is used for voltages that are small enough on their own already that they do not need to be attenuated for a more accurate reading. However, 10x decreases the incoming voltage (amplitude of the signal) by a factor of 10. This makes it much easier to take readings on the oscilloscope of signals that are higher voltages. If you have a high voltage/amplitude it is harder to see details of the signal because the scale of the Y axis would be too large. There are even higher (100x) scopes for even larger voltages.<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>4. How do vertical and horizontal controls work? Why would you need it (Oscilloscope manual pages 34-35)?</b><br />
<b>~~</b>The vertical and horizontal knobs adjust the respective position of the function. By rotating the horizontal knob you can change the function along the X axis. By rotating the vertical knob you can change the function along the Y axis. This is a useful function if your function has a very large wavelength or amplitude and you are trying to see the entire wave. This is also helpful for times when the function is not directly centered in the oscilloscope.<br />
<br />
<b>5. Generate a 1 kHz, 0.5 Vpp around a DC 1 V from the function generator (use the output connector). DO NOT USE oscilloscope probes for the function generator. There is a separate BNC cable for the function generator.</b><br />
<b><br /></b><b>>>a. Connect this to the oscilloscope and verify the input signal using the horizontal and vertical readings (photo).</b><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijqpcl9lKPHdrVROfy3ZbO43X04bbXBOo6jTYtSRWlPuV_r8Z9FnCLv_FMwQt9IU5DVHXw5hE10w_TcB9PzIZqipD4NHNjlOY9AUTe22K0YwN02X-F7NrHVamP62v32vSBy5k-ljlY5T8/s1600/IMG_6935.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijqpcl9lKPHdrVROfy3ZbO43X04bbXBOo6jTYtSRWlPuV_r8Z9FnCLv_FMwQt9IU5DVHXw5hE10w_TcB9PzIZqipD4NHNjlOY9AUTe22K0YwN02X-F7NrHVamP62v32vSBy5k-ljlY5T8/s320/IMG_6935.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Picture of the 1kHz wave with ~0.5 Vpp</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhe12o0arvXDjZBOZcNrKG3h7SFFZTaWrZqjitpn9pU9O2tuV2zWv6qZyPZ3zin9BGB134WmJ_H1zig-T0WPht30sTpFPSZtIMuk8puU4RmijNIKA96STatxuouZDvedv8nnDPgs4NEuBk/s1600/IMG_6934.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhe12o0arvXDjZBOZcNrKG3h7SFFZTaWrZqjitpn9pU9O2tuV2zWv6qZyPZ3zin9BGB134WmJ_H1zig-T0WPht30sTpFPSZtIMuk8puU4RmijNIKA96STatxuouZDvedv8nnDPgs4NEuBk/s320/IMG_6934.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Picture of 1kHz and 0.5 Vpp. .25v is needed to generate 0.5 Vpp</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</b><br />
<b><br /></b><b>>>b. Figure out how to measure the signal properties using menu buttons on the scope</b><br />
<b>~~</b>After you have the function generated you have to hit the measure button at the top of the oscilloscope. Five empty CH1 boxes will appear. You can enter in values for the oscilloscope to measure by selecting the CH1 box, and switching through the menus to select the value you wish to measure.<br />
*Note: Our function generator could only reach an offset DC value of .37 V, it would then say 'setting conflict'. When we asked Dr. Kaya he assumed our function generator was at it's max.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoOZ5fZFc9r_SIBMuer4iexQkPt-ZTSx25W1qmu2lX_JpcwKI8OH8QSMQNSCZGIADmdK3EqvWCNVFqhyphenhyphenuSNzOjCYiHM2GOuTpoCIV5LLdyPrrjCz7q5RcQE3713LSKzfscM3uAKp-45B4/s1600/IMG_6938.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoOZ5fZFc9r_SIBMuer4iexQkPt-ZTSx25W1qmu2lX_JpcwKI8OH8QSMQNSCZGIADmdK3EqvWCNVFqhyphenhyphenuSNzOjCYiHM2GOuTpoCIV5LLdyPrrjCz7q5RcQE3713LSKzfscM3uAKp-45B4/s320/IMG_6938.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Picture showing the different options of measuring</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<b>6. Connect function generator and oscilloscope probes switched (red to black, black to red). What happens? Why?</b><br />
~~When you switch the cables from red to black, to black to red. The function becomes very noisy and is useless.<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>7. After calibrating the second probe, implement the voltage divider circuit below (UPDATE! V2 should be 0.5Vac and 2Vdc). Measure the following voltages using the Oscilloscope and comment on your results:</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNrXtpqP5-hEiRIpDDVnDUn-t1TbawIdTcjA2rBJQcagCHzOOkVSs7-BrPmfJg44bCzcqWFE7_RpVo3W8E8LxFZGvfA3-CIT2yJVBvcTR-uUvcy7BxK3roVlaF29nFpEkWSUReV0LTljM/s1600/Capture.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNrXtpqP5-hEiRIpDDVnDUn-t1TbawIdTcjA2rBJQcagCHzOOkVSs7-BrPmfJg44bCzcqWFE7_RpVo3W8E8LxFZGvfA3-CIT2yJVBvcTR-uUvcy7BxK3roVlaF29nFpEkWSUReV0LTljM/s1600/Capture.PNG" /></a></div>
<b><br /></b><b>>>a. Va and Vb at the same time (Photo)</b><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2D2ogMSfSwEHLMrZ_AHGcHLJz8Vn9P7zY02SOnBLg5-3WNM5fWpdVJSgU0xNbc7elOJezj4kCFXdx2AL9DdmXC1WVFOBgNaMnzAHteY49BAtlokxm-0QHDubDi1-gA6TyxBHXxab-Bps/s1600/IMG_6954.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2D2ogMSfSwEHLMrZ_AHGcHLJz8Vn9P7zY02SOnBLg5-3WNM5fWpdVJSgU0xNbc7elOJezj4kCFXdx2AL9DdmXC1WVFOBgNaMnzAHteY49BAtlokxm-0QHDubDi1-gA6TyxBHXxab-Bps/s320/IMG_6954.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Circuit of resistors in series with .5Vac and 2Vdc</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
For Va and Vb at the same time we got<br />
<b><br /></b><b>>>b. Voltage across R4. </b><br />
~~ 0.115 v<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>8. For the same circuit above, measure Va and Vb using the handheld DMM both in AC and DC mode. What are your findings? Explain.</b><br />
<b> </b><br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 12.45pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.15pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Va AC<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.15pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<o:p> 0.119V</o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.15pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Vb AC<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.15pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<o:p> 0.117 V</o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.15pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Va DC<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.15pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<o:p> 17.6 mV</o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.15pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Vb DC<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.15pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<o:p> 17.3 mV</o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">This table represents
the results for Va and Vb for both AC and DC. As you can see the results we got
for DC were much smaller than what we got for AC. We also know that Vb=2Va. And
the difference between AC and DC is that AC is an alternating current which
means that other than DC, which is direct current and only moves in one
direction, the alternating current moves in two different directions. The AC
Voltage we are getting is what the amplitude is, and DC we are reading the
Voltage divided by the 3 resistors in parallel. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<b><br /></b><b>9. For the circuit below</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDMHiEQsSTpD96vRA3Iz2EX3x-Td2QEJ61OwGGTfgBuNfTyFq8fCcjWwKYGUR8M1IsOyOJLR65e5SVy260vAbURnXfq26EWF8CziBbCtQ6NNkcGEQbNJUeUxp2iuzMjgFYdtFC1q7A85w/s1600/Capture.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="166" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDMHiEQsSTpD96vRA3Iz2EX3x-Td2QEJ61OwGGTfgBuNfTyFq8fCcjWwKYGUR8M1IsOyOJLR65e5SVy260vAbURnXfq26EWF8CziBbCtQ6NNkcGEQbNJUeUxp2iuzMjgFYdtFC1q7A85w/s320/Capture.PNG" width="320" /></a></div>
<b><br /></b><b>>>a. Calculate R so given voltage values are satisfied. Explain your work (video)</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/_alvL5DJxNU/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/_alvL5DJxNU?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Video showing how we calculated the missing R7 value</div>
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b><b>>>b. Construct the circuit and measure the values with the DMM and oscilloscope (video). Hint: 1kΩ cannot be probed directly by the scope. But R6 and R7 are in series and it does not matter which one is connected to the function generator.</b><br />
<b>~Alec</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>10. Operational amplifier basics: Construct the following circuits using the pin diagram of the opamp. The half circle on top of the pin diagram corresponds to the notch on the integrated circuit (IC). Explanations of the pin numbers are below:</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b></b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEbuPsagrsck-Vf3jinebnp8HBgbXuiDX9H0WKKUCv85fIr5k34BPms71S1UYM441HNsoDllY1yGUgaMXf2m8S6CDIcjmaklLDR6xmlr-sCYONfPAZRtMVpQDvHBASb2Z-RQAlOh7N7cg/s1600/Capture.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="177" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEbuPsagrsck-Vf3jinebnp8HBgbXuiDX9H0WKKUCv85fIr5k34BPms71S1UYM441HNsoDllY1yGUgaMXf2m8S6CDIcjmaklLDR6xmlr-sCYONfPAZRtMVpQDvHBASb2Z-RQAlOh7N7cg/s400/Capture.PNG" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<b>>>a. Inverting amplifier: Rin = 1kΩ, Rf = 5kΩ (do not forget -10 V and +10 V). Apply 1 Vpp @ 1kHz. Observe input and output at the same time. What happens if you slowly increase the input voltage up to 5 V? Explain your findings. (Video)</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/I7m3sxYO3wo/0.jpg" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/I7m3sxYO3wo?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Video showing how an inverting amplifier affects the AC sine function</div>
<br />
<b><br /></b><b>>>b. Non-inverting amplifier: R1 = 1kΩ, R2 = 5kΩ (do not forget -10 V and +10 V). Apply 1 Vpp @ 1kHz. Observe input and output at the same time. What happens if you slowly increase the input voltage up to 5 V? Explain your findings. (Video)</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/fJ-_hVdubrg/0.jpg" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/fJ-_hVdubrg?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Video showing how an non-inverting amplifier affects the AC sine function</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15387097232151482469noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9178126424420761245.post-41277871192868867342017-02-05T18:40:00.000-08:002017-02-05T18:41:08.431-08:00Week 4 Blog<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"> Week 4</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>1. Ic vs Vbe table and graph</b></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJ1gTCUsm6dz1As3T-JTOyDRxn2WsRd_bJjWNqmWSO_3zpwxRjKn9RDtRkrxZYlVWSKe5iG79GLOfscts7dFcroCXg6APhpMWVzDlANDqBAptb6rADQgBqrJI43DdgnXrJs7FHEgQnJ0Y/s1600/Capture.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="419" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJ1gTCUsm6dz1As3T-JTOyDRxn2WsRd_bJjWNqmWSO_3zpwxRjKn9RDtRkrxZYlVWSKe5iG79GLOfscts7dFcroCXg6APhpMWVzDlANDqBAptb6rADQgBqrJI43DdgnXrJs7FHEgQnJ0Y/s640/Capture.PNG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Table and graph expressing the quick amplification of the current done by a transistor once VBE approaches .7 V. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><br />2. (Table and graph) Create the graph for IC (y axis) versus VCE (x axis). Vary VCE from 0 V to 5 V. Do this measurement for 3 different VBE values: 0V, 0.7V, and 0.8V.</b><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTcr0PRojDPoruV31ObM0OnHdNERQtW2qhtiyVYHbwim9ZhOpyxM4LMlrDsA-3E6q1qaQlTf24vJ81y4J_7KOEU1IuUjgfFRyhueoUHMASjZhditTUM0y3z_vYXzbodUcpOaLwy7Y2sJo/s1600/Capture.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="467" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTcr0PRojDPoruV31ObM0OnHdNERQtW2qhtiyVYHbwim9ZhOpyxM4LMlrDsA-3E6q1qaQlTf24vJ81y4J_7KOEU1IuUjgfFRyhueoUHMASjZhditTUM0y3z_vYXzbodUcpOaLwy7Y2sJo/s640/Capture.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This graph and table shows the relationship between the collector-emitter voltage and the collector current.<span style="font-family: inherit;"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">This
plot shows that once the collector current reaches a certain value, the
collector-emitter voltage increases. We think the reason VBE=.7 V is so much lower than VBE=.8 V is because the current is so low that the transistor is operating in the cut-off region, no amplification happens in this region.</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<b>3. (Table) Apply the following bias voltages and fill out the table. How is IC and IB related? Does your data support your theory?</b><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRJQfCLwDgKNIyxmGoF5ChyjVZZNW77rxe3GO8L-E7V9YBzdtyjeGDjjecsmDtC9JC3Z5NUq54EYI3b_LXPzLH0uoY4rALQxnc1ExxYAUoBXhMXHKHUgOo9-K2mPHwQiCFiidWLp73NcM/s1600/Capture.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="78" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRJQfCLwDgKNIyxmGoF5ChyjVZZNW77rxe3GO8L-E7V9YBzdtyjeGDjjecsmDtC9JC3Z5NUq54EYI3b_LXPzLH0uoY4rALQxnc1ExxYAUoBXhMXHKHUgOo9-K2mPHwQiCFiidWLp73NcM/s640/Capture.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This table shows the relationship between the collector current and the base current. Due to one of our group members having already taken EGR 298, it isn't so much of a theory as it is an educated answer, but this shows that a small base current can be amplified to be a much greater collector current without having to change the voltage being applied to the collector at all. The factor to which the base current is amplified is called the gain, and is represented as greek letter capital beta. The equation that shows this relationship is typically Ic = β*Ib.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b><br />4. (Table) Explain photocell outputs with different light settings. Create a table for the light conditions and photocell resistance.</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 12.6pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.65pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
Phone Flashlight<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.65pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
265 ohm<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.65pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Completely Covered (No Light)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.65pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
11.5 kohm<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.65pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Regular (No cover or added light just the lights from the ceiling)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.65pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
2.48 kohm<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<i>Table showing the relationship between light levels and resistance in a photocell</i><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<b><br />5. (Table) Apply voltage (0 to 5 V with 1 V steps) to DC motor directly and measure the current using the DMM.</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 12.5pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.05pt;" valign="top" width="83"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
0 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.05pt;" valign="top" width="83"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
0 mA<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.05pt;" valign="top" width="83"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
1 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.05pt;" valign="top" width="83"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
28.5 mA<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.05pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.05pt;" valign="top" width="83"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
2 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.05pt;" valign="top" width="83"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
35.7 mA<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.05pt;" valign="top" width="83"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
3 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.05pt;" valign="top" width="83"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
42.1 mA<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.05pt;" valign="top" width="83"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
4 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.05pt;" valign="top" width="83"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
48.6 mA<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.05pt;" valign="top" width="83"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
5 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 62.05pt;" valign="top" width="83"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
52.5 mA<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<i>Table showing the measured values of current and voltage in a DC motor</i><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<b><br />6. Apply 2 V to the DC motor and measure the current. Repeat this by increasing the load on the DC motor. Slightly pinching the shaft would do the trick.</b><br />
<br />
~~When we set up the 2V to the DC motor no pressure on it gave a current reading of 35.6 mA, lightly pinching the shaft gave 62.8 mA, applying a more pressure gave 81.9 mA, and finally pinching it with more pressure than previously gave a current reading of 97.5 mA which was enough pressure to cause the DC motor to stop. <br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><br /></b>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: -.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 12.45pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 97.5pt;" valign="top" width="130"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
No Pressure<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 97.5pt;" valign="top" width="130"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
35.6 mA<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 97.5pt;" valign="top" width="130"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Light Pressure<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 97.5pt;" valign="top" width="130"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
62.8 mA<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 97.5pt;" valign="top" width="130"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Heavy Pressure<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 97.5pt;" valign="top" width="130"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
81.9 mA<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 97.5pt;" valign="top" width="130"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Motor Stop<o:p></o:p></div>
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97.5 mA<o:p></o:p></div>
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<i>Table showing how the DC motor actively resists outside forces. The more pressure applied the more current that was measured.</i><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<b><br />7. (Video) Create the circuit below (same circuit from week 1). Explain the operation in detail.</b><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/bgQtgKDp59I/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/bgQtgKDp59I?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<i>Video explaining what is happening in and around the transistor in the Rube Goldberg circuit</i></div>
<b><br /></b>
<b><br />8. Explain R4’s role by changing its value to a smaller and bigger resistors and observing the voltage and the current at the collector of the transistor. </b><br />
<br />
~~R4's role, which is also the 47 ohm resistor, is used to not let excessive current damage the transistor. Because of Ohms's law when the resistor is less the current value is bigger, and when the resistance is increased the current value is less. Which is what happened in our experiment. When we used a lessor valued resistor the current increased relevant to the 47 ohm resistor, and when we used a resistor that was greater then 47 ohm's the current value was less compared to the 47 ohm resistor.<br />
<b><br />9. (Video) Create your own Rube Goldberg setup.</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/kuJv7sOxINw/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/kuJv7sOxINw?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<i>A video demonstration showing the potential of the Rube Goldberg circuit</i></div>
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Anonymousnoreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9178126424420761245.post-2362416620850675382017-01-25T06:51:00.000-08:002017-01-27T06:14:52.470-08:00Week 3 Blog<div style="text-align: center;">
Week 3</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>1. Compare the calculated and measured equivalent resistance values between the nodes A and B for three circuit configurations given below. Choose your own resistors. (Table)</b><br />
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Circuit<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
A<o:p></o:p></div>
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B<o:p></o:p></div>
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C<o:p></o:p></div>
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Measured <o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>83.5 ohms<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>4.76k Ohms<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>4.99k ohms</b><o:p></o:p></div>
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Calculated<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>84 ohms<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>4.75k ohms<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156">
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<b>5k ohms</b><o:p></o:p></div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
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<b>2. Apply 5V on a 120 Ω resistor. Measure the current by putting the multimeter in series and parallel. Why are they different?</b><br />
<b><br /></b>~~When in series you can read the current, because the resistance isn't being bypassed.<br />
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~~When in parallel you can't read the current, because the resistance is being bypassed.<br />
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>3. Apply 5 V to two resistors (47 Ω and 120 Ω) that are in series. Compare the measured and calculated values of voltage and current values on each resistor.</b><br />
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<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.5pt;" valign="top" width="125"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Measured Voltage<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.5pt;" valign="top" width="125"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Measured Resistance<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.5pt;" valign="top" width="125"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Measured Current<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.5pt;" valign="top" width="125"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Calculated Current<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.5pt;" valign="top" width="125"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Calculated Voltage<o:p></o:p></div>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.5pt;" valign="top" width="125">3.61V
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.5pt;" valign="top" width="125"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
120 ohms<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.5pt;" valign="top" width="125"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<o:p> 29.81 mA</o:p></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.5pt;" valign="top" width="125">29.94 mA</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.5pt;" valign="top" width="125">3.59 V</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.5pt;" valign="top" width="125">1.39V
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.5pt;" valign="top" width="125"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
47 ohms<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.5pt;" valign="top" width="125"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<o:p> 29.85 mA</o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.5pt;" valign="top" width="125">29.94 mA</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.5pt;" valign="top" width="125">1.41 V</td>
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</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Table: showing the values we obtained from the circuit in <u>SERIES</u></b></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>4. Apply 5 V to two resistors (47 Ω and 120 Ω) that are in parallel. Compare the measured and calculated values of voltage and current values on each resistor.</b><br />
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.5pt;" valign="top" width="125"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Measured Voltage<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.5pt;" valign="top" width="125"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Measured Resistance<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.5pt;" valign="top" width="125"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Measured Current<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.5pt;" valign="top" width="125"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Calculated Current<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.5pt;" valign="top" width="125"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Calculated Voltage<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.5pt;" valign="top" width="125">4.78V
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.5pt;" valign="top" width="125"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
120 ohms<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.5pt;" valign="top" width="125"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<o:p> 37.35 mA</o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.5pt;" valign="top" width="125">41.67 mA</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.5pt;" valign="top" width="125">5.0004 V</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.5pt;" valign="top" width="125">4.78V
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.5pt;" valign="top" width="125"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
47 ohms<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.5pt;" valign="top" width="125"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<o:p> 140.3 mA</o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.5pt;" valign="top" width="125">148.05 mA</td><td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.5pt;" valign="top" width="125">4.9975 V</td>
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<b>Table: showing the values we obtained from the circuit in <u>PARALLEL</u></b></div>
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<b><u><br /></u></b></div>
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<u><br /></u><span style="text-align: left;">
</span><b style="text-align: left;">5. Compare the calculated and measured values of the following current and voltage for the circuit below: (breadboard photo)</b></div>
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<b>Calculated Current<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Measured Current<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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1.98mA</div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.2px;">2.03 mA</span></div>
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Resisters<o:p></o:p></div>
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Measured Voltage<o:p></o:p></div>
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<o:p> Calculated Voltage</o:p></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<o:p> 1.2 kohms (vertical)</o:p></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<o:p> 0.724 V</o:p></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<o:p> 0.704 V</o:p></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<o:p> 1.2 kohms (horizontal)</o:p></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<o:p> 0.853 V</o:p></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<o:p> 0.833 V</o:p></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDf4HsXmBJsZjhrA8qsP56cZsrF5TGvyttBG25bFi5H3jH5EN2HV_McLdKk_2advbH74iiMyoNjKlYk5pUfcgwnvCEhdJbDBv4B0uDqVcQ17g8RqLD2Wyuj6CN5W4km0KpMZhsUq9PYnE/s1600/IMG_6850.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDf4HsXmBJsZjhrA8qsP56cZsrF5TGvyttBG25bFi5H3jH5EN2HV_McLdKk_2advbH74iiMyoNjKlYk5pUfcgwnvCEhdJbDBv4B0uDqVcQ17g8RqLD2Wyuj6CN5W4km0KpMZhsUq9PYnE/s320/IMG_6850.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Picture of the circuit with 5v from power supply</b></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimuBQRvERAM0vB5Q2lnCifcccB7YmCEqxxo0j7SeqBQtlYTw1cRL-gkuSJ_pOcd2rYvP-3dpc-9Ef8frYtO_AO_usaTadA1CFrkt9AsSOZ21XtL1yq7LkqhFVqxw6DSUIOk1EZJg_k_2c/s1600/IMG_6851.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimuBQRvERAM0vB5Q2lnCifcccB7YmCEqxxo0j7SeqBQtlYTw1cRL-gkuSJ_pOcd2rYvP-3dpc-9Ef8frYtO_AO_usaTadA1CFrkt9AsSOZ21XtL1yq7LkqhFVqxw6DSUIOk1EZJg_k_2c/s320/IMG_6851.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Same circuit as previously pictured, just a different angle</b></td></tr>
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<br />
<b>6. What would be the equivalent resistance value of the circuit above (between the power supply nodes)? </b><br />
<b><br /></b>~~The equivalent resistance value is calculated by taking the 5V and divding it by the calculated current which is 1.98mA. For us the equation will be 5V/0.00198A = 2525.25 ohms or 2.52525 K ohms.<br />
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<b>7. Measure the equivalent resistance with and without the 5 V power supply. Are they different? Why?</b><br />
<b><br /></b>~~The equivalent resistance with the power supply can't be found, because the multi-meter will display "OL" which means overload. This happens because the multi-meter has its own voltage and so does the power supply. These 2 voltages will trick the multi-meter and it won't be able to find the equivalent resistance.<br />
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~~The equivalent resistance without the power supply can be found, and that's because only a single voltage coming from the multi-meter is effecting it. The equivalent resistance from the multi-meter is 2.6 kohms, which is accurate based on previously calculated equivalent resistance (see question 6).<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>8. Explain the operation of a potentiometer by measuring the resistance values between the terminals (there are 3 terminals, so there would be 3 combinations). (video)</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
~~When the potentiometer is turned to 0 ohms there will be no voltage because there is no resistance, but if the potentiometer is turned to any ohms greater than 0 then the voltage would be 5V, with a differing current.<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/jix1KJrdNkY/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/jix1KJrdNkY?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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<b>Video demonstration of how the potentiometer works</b></div>
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<b>9. What would be the minimum and maximum voltage that can be obtained at V1 by changing the knob position of the 5 KΩ pot? Explain.</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
~~When the knob is turned to as low as possible the minimum value will be close or at 0V. When the knob is turned to its highest position the maximum value will be at or around 5V.<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>10. How are V1 and V2 (voltages are defined with respect to ground) related and how do they change with the position of the knob of the pot? (video)</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/H3djNq2DBaI/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/H3djNq2DBaI?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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<b>Video demonstration on finding the voltage in a circuit with a resistor and a potentiometer</b></div>
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<b>11. For the circuit below, YOU SHOULD NOT turn down the potentiometer all the way down to reach 0 Ω. Why?</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
~~If you were to turn the potentiometer all the way down to 0 you would short your circuit, because there would be no resistance in your circuit.<br />
<br />
<b>12. For the circuit above, how are current values of 1 kΩ resistor and 5 KΩ pot related and how do they change with the position of the knob of the pot? (video).</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
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<b>Video demonstration of measuring current over a resistor and potentiometer</b></div>
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<b>13. Explain what a voltage divider is and how it works based on your experiments.</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
~~A Voltage Divider is a simple circuit that will take a large voltage and turn it to a smaller voltage. In this experiment the potentiometer itself is a voltage divider.<br />
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<b>14. Explain what a current divider is and how it works based on your experiments.</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
~~A Current Divider is a linear circuit that produces a current output (Ix) that is a fraction of its input current (It). It works for our experiment, because of the resister value. When the potentiometer's resistance decreases the current will go up.<br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15387097232151482469noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9178126424420761245.post-68476977936818693482017-01-18T07:49:00.003-08:002017-01-22T19:31:09.381-08:00Week 2 Blog<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Week 2</span></div>
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1. The role of the A/B switch is to give you 2 different power supplies that can be used at the same time in series mode or just using one at a time for parallel mode. Depending on what mode you are on B could be helping A like in series if each switch is on 15V, then the total voltage will be 30V. If you are in parallel mode then B will take the voltage of A, so if A is on 5V so will B, but the voltage total will be 5V.</div>
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2. The current specification of each channel reads either .5 amps or 4 amps. This means that the current coming out of the power supply is either .5 amps or 4 amps, depending on which current you chose to use.</div>
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3. Video explanation on how the A and B channels work on the power supply unit</div>
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4. Generating 30 volts with the power supply<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMtGIgljhb5gn-XElNfUf3KOA_smjDb11NhvBcayFIFVbJfwCzd7L3PjwVRBySM9bFpPiqrRN-AGjPgECRhmD7lGW8jah1zhz7amOmwop-5Ab2OZ6EmuYNCYmm0suPrCiPO7V-IZ1xZvI/s1600/IMG_6831.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMtGIgljhb5gn-XElNfUf3KOA_smjDb11NhvBcayFIFVbJfwCzd7L3PjwVRBySM9bFpPiqrRN-AGjPgECRhmD7lGW8jah1zhz7amOmwop-5Ab2OZ6EmuYNCYmm0suPrCiPO7V-IZ1xZvI/s320/IMG_6831.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Picture of the power supply setup used to find +/- 30 volts</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG_QfgW4WPcKlrps4fLQzhJ-Pw8ls8lXLkD-lmL3zYWAgpLh2y8RJgUcCPHdTRfZyp5-YCsmS4L4n5BMwj4G9S_vdmavM20a7oHqiuo_Eqd5FQNp6GEUMeHuircElYn9XNxcQiaefwNIg/s1600/IMG_6830.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG_QfgW4WPcKlrps4fLQzhJ-Pw8ls8lXLkD-lmL3zYWAgpLh2y8RJgUcCPHdTRfZyp5-YCsmS4L4n5BMwj4G9S_vdmavM20a7oHqiuo_Eqd5FQNp6GEUMeHuircElYn9XNxcQiaefwNIg/s320/IMG_6830.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">DMM reading of roughly 30 volts</td></tr>
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5. Generating -30 volts with the power supply. We used the same set up as above just switched the location where we measured.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsBHUcer4unl7AAZTjSFmqzrXLkTWdmNbfKw4g8TeXsdy_9rOYFworH3J1KGA5IhxIN4ECJ_3MK8FVmmndb7UahuI1Nh9GICTP24FqhTqfJHupoaJIV-T_wBapBCcgWkgE1C32TsnkJ9U/s1600/IMG_6832.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsBHUcer4unl7AAZTjSFmqzrXLkTWdmNbfKw4g8TeXsdy_9rOYFworH3J1KGA5IhxIN4ECJ_3MK8FVmmndb7UahuI1Nh9GICTP24FqhTqfJHupoaJIV-T_wBapBCcgWkgE1C32TsnkJ9U/s320/IMG_6832.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">DMM reading of roughly -30 volts</td></tr>
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6. Generating 10 volts and -10 volts at the same time<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2rNQJ0NZ4DaUR6IANmmYF4y1Jw7LCCm1E9XvfzDYx4yQqpUX16M87wQL1kKhlxHReb5N9eXBcTMxgS3xLlP7d7LlKS8Cq6AbfMEQYh6M9x4jWqSW2Kkt0aqHGsYOjJ3QKXSHVWY6r_TI/s1600/IMG_6835.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2rNQJ0NZ4DaUR6IANmmYF4y1Jw7LCCm1E9XvfzDYx4yQqpUX16M87wQL1kKhlxHReb5N9eXBcTMxgS3xLlP7d7LlKS8Cq6AbfMEQYh6M9x4jWqSW2Kkt0aqHGsYOjJ3QKXSHVWY6r_TI/s320/IMG_6835.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Power supply setup to display +/- 10 Volts</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcwkzN89PAAEoWkK8-7K57wqlPTq9Gr76gOovRYD4rizrQ5m1gsnfzORsVBa_B2729jLTL0bkUJG2v78RDdKxAlEtRTbnck5kP00LgqLnzlGqlfFT_WDs5Tv8T7yHoU4pH707tTDDSVHg/s1600/IMG_6833.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcwkzN89PAAEoWkK8-7K57wqlPTq9Gr76gOovRYD4rizrQ5m1gsnfzORsVBa_B2729jLTL0bkUJG2v78RDdKxAlEtRTbnck5kP00LgqLnzlGqlfFT_WDs5Tv8T7yHoU4pH707tTDDSVHg/s320/IMG_6833.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">DMM reading of roughly 10 volts</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgumir1GSPxolhev7dKGrRPWPYz8scBkA3-mkMClw3InQiCdtI2mjD5J17TBUEp4p_xWXYw8OVwHMF3pYvQQU5kHceZ3UPyQC6pPSzez_yvicdWYH-mJIxu676-zYktCgZDpsLUsD0obog/s1600/IMG_6834.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgumir1GSPxolhev7dKGrRPWPYz8scBkA3-mkMClw3InQiCdtI2mjD5J17TBUEp4p_xWXYw8OVwHMF3pYvQQU5kHceZ3UPyQC6pPSzez_yvicdWYH-mJIxu676-zYktCgZDpsLUsD0obog/s320/IMG_6834.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">DMM reading of roughly -10 volts</td></tr>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
7. Video showing how removing current affects the circuit. When the current knob is turned almost entirely to the left (CCW) the LED turns on and the voltage drops to 0 volts. Therefore, the DMM reads 0 amps for the current as well. This is a simple application of Ohms law.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
V=I x R</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
If 'I' is zero V is also 0</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/5yYtYxJ1yvA/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/5yYtYxJ1yvA?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
8. The fuse for the power supply is located at the back of the power supply where you would plug in the power cord. It is used to protect the user and the machine from damage.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
9. The fuse for the DMM is located at the bottom left of the input/output plugs. The fuse is used as a backup to the user and machine to make sure that they don't get hurt when there is too much voltage.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
10. 2W is used more for Lead Resistance and has some limitations compared to the 4W. The 4W (Kelvin) Resistance is used more for low resistance measurements. It also has less limitations than the 2W when being used for low resistance. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
11. To measure a current using the DMM we would move the positive cord to the right of the fuse instead of its original position of being above the fuse. We would also keep the negative cord in its normal position which is top diagonal of the fuse.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15387097232151482469noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9178126424420761245.post-87860861841559513322017-01-13T06:20:00.002-08:002017-02-22T11:02:36.282-08:00Week 1<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Week 1</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->The class format on a tri-weekly format consists
of:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoCaption" style="page-break-after: avoid;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">Table </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt'><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>SEQ Table \* ARABIC <span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">1</span></span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">: A Weekly Outline for
Circuit Lab<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td colspan="6" style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 5.65in;" valign="top" width="407"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Weekly Schedule for Circuit Lab<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.1pt;" valign="top" width="55"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Time<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 72.4pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Monday<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.85pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Outside of Class<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 72.15pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Wednesday<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Friday<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 61.8pt;" valign="top" width="62"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Outside of Class<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.1pt;" valign="top" width="55"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
8:00
am<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 72.4pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
Quiz Discussions<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="7" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.85pt;" valign="top" width="69"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Respond to comments<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="6" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 72.15pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Lab<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="7" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 61.8pt;" valign="top" width="62"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
Finish blog entries<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
Comment on 2 blogs<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
Take-home
quiz<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.1pt;" valign="top" width="55"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
8:30
am<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 72.4pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
Lab intro<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.1pt;" valign="top" width="55"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
8:45
am<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="4" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 72.4pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Lab<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.1pt;" valign="top" width="55"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
9:00
am<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
Blog Commenting<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.1pt;" valign="top" width="55"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
9:15
am<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.1pt;" valign="top" width="55"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
9:30
am<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
Blog Discussion<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.1pt;" valign="top" width="55"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
9:45
am<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 72.4pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
Wrap it up!<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 72.15pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
Wrap it up!<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
Quizzes (15) make up 45% of the class,
blogs (15) reports 30%, midterms (2) 10%, and the final exam (1) 15%<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Important safety rules:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br />
<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"></span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<ul><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Do not work alone when working with energized
electrical equipment.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Make sure the power is off when assembling a
circuit. Remember that capacitors store charges and are to be handled with
caution even after the power source is removed from the circuit</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Never touch electrical equipment while standing
on a wet or metal floor. In addition never touch electrical equipment with wet
hands.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">When measuring data in live circuits be sure to
put one hand behind the back to prevent current from flowing</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Wearing jewelry on your wrists or hands can be
hazardous and it is advised to remove them or use added caution when wearing
them.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Never lunge or grasp at falling circuit
components, whether they are live or not, circuit components have metal leads
that could pierce your skin.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Never touch two pieces of equipment at the same
time. This completes loop and allows current to flow. To be safe never touch
any aspect of the circuit with your bare hands, it could deliver a shock. In
addition, some components release high levels of heat, which can cause burns.</span></li>
<li> Ask
the instructor before hooking up the circuit to power.</li>
</span></ul>
</div>
<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<div style="text-align: left;">
3.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Current is the lethal force that will kill you. Low levels of current
can be completely benign or cause a small tingly sensation; this is at level of
.001 amps to .01 amps. Current higher than .01 amps can cause the muscle
paralysis that forces the person being shocked to continue to hold onto the
current source. This is dangerous because prolonged exposure can make breathing
difficult and painful shock. When current is .1 to .2 amps death occurs.
Interestingly enough current over .2 amps isn’t instantly lethal. There is
enough current to keep you alive. This is because the heart is in a clenched
state that doesn’t allow for ventricular fibrillation to occur, but the current
causes severe burns and causes you to stop breathing.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
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<!--StartFragment-->
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<div style="text-align: left;">
4. Link for video demonstration on how to read resistor color code (<a href="https://youtu.be/Sc0sTWF0eUI">https://youtu.be/Sc0sTWF0eUI</a>)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Sc0sTWF0eUI/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Sc0sTWF0eUI?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
5. Tolerance is the margin of error that a resistor's has. In example if a '100' ohm resistor had a 5% tolerance, that means when the resistor is applied to a circuit its actual value could range by 5%. Therefore are 100 ohm resistor could produce values from 95 ohms to 105 ohms (+/- 5% of 100 ohms)</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
6. A chart proving that all of our resistors were in the tolerance range:<br />
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<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Resister Band Value (ohms)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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Tolerance<o:p></o:p></div>
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Range (ohms)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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Measured Value (ohms)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
160 ohms<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
5% (0.05)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
152 ohms-168 ohms<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
158.31 ohms<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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1500 ohms<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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5% (0.05)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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1425 ohms-1575 ohms<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
1503.22 ohms<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
67 ohms<o:p></o:p></div>
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None this was 5 band and the 5<sup>th</sup> band color was white so
there is no tolerance for this specific resister.<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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67 ohms (because it has no tolerance, its range can fluctuate up and
down, it’s fixed)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
67 ohms<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
27.2 ohms</div>
</td>
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10%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
24.48 ohms -29.92 ohm</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
27 ohms</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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20.1 ohms</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
10%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
18.09 ohms - 22.11 ohms</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
20 ohms</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
20.2 ohms</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
5%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
19.19 ohms - 21.21 ohms</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
20 ohms</div>
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<tr>
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25.2 ohms</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
10%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
22.68 ohms - 27.72 ohms</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
25.1 ohms</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
39.1 ohms</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
5%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
37.145 ohms - 41.055 ohms</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
39 ohms</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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2200 ohms</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
5%</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
2090 ohms - 2310 ohms</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
2202 ohms</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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100 ohms</div>
</td>
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5%</div>
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95 ohms - 105 ohms</div>
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101 ohms</div>
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7. When using a multimeter to measure the voltage and current two different techniques need to be used. When you are measuring the current you need to break the current loop and attach the multimeter where you broke the current loop. This is because the current needs to travel through the multimeter. When measuring the voltage across a resistor you touch each lead of the resistor with the multimeter. You do this to observe how much voltage a particular component is using.</div>
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8. The power supply will give you 2 different options of voltages. The first would be the fixed position all the way to the left. This position will give you a constant 5V, and no you cannot change the voltages of this position, it will always be 5V. The other option is 0.24V coming from both the A and B power supplies. Yes, you can change this voltage higher or lower depending on what voltage your looking for. Also applying current will help to get more voltage out of these 2 power supplies.</div>
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9. Video and Picture Demonstration for circuit results (<a href="https://youtu.be/yTZoMPjd1G8">https://youtu.be/yTZoMPjd1G8</a>)<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/yTZoMPjd1G8/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/yTZoMPjd1G8?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0uZjxrbny14SlkwrneBJAD8xYGpScJMceJ28WRdbSiTzKNeh-XZlNL6t-yTuJa18GAOP7_4o_2Am3mbtWuN8tbdTQxD2kzQRQnL-teh_gtl-gR7VF_qdFudCkC6PQprxOUk25KOZjjO0/s1600/IMG_6798.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0uZjxrbny14SlkwrneBJAD8xYGpScJMceJ28WRdbSiTzKNeh-XZlNL6t-yTuJa18GAOP7_4o_2Am3mbtWuN8tbdTQxD2kzQRQnL-teh_gtl-gR7VF_qdFudCkC6PQprxOUk25KOZjjO0/s320/IMG_6798.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Picture of Group 10 measuring the voltage through a resistor</td></tr>
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10.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4_tRMgrzyehfG0HRRGWUBqU3XkDtav1DpgaclIzCyte_EHP7PZZgpZFKHgjJAx1F3zLFwGklbAdmCIFLCtWV6ens9v70nzURMK-URW_mjoalH3TWsYXYIkaYqw6YNtSXpjRveCT9lFJk/s1600/Screen+Shot+2017-01-11+at+11.07.17+AM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4_tRMgrzyehfG0HRRGWUBqU3XkDtav1DpgaclIzCyte_EHP7PZZgpZFKHgjJAx1F3zLFwGklbAdmCIFLCtWV6ens9v70nzURMK-URW_mjoalH3TWsYXYIkaYqw6YNtSXpjRveCT9lFJk/s1600/Screen+Shot+2017-01-11+at+11.07.17+AM.png" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A table demonstrating how Ohm's Law can be used to find calculate the value of a resistor</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJhxQVOdwKn2se6Xy-H2Ly_kZQlvc7Sq22FyKOkabflFVPnA6HlgbSpCo2J4WiJqmBbLeDFK0X95mV4h0Bt2dsQK9iUwzQh-fO4zKQA2laVXpfTn87ZcXOd9doBaGep8Jus0KR1zO_tYo/s1600/IMG_6804.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="font-size: 12.8px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJhxQVOdwKn2se6Xy-H2Ly_kZQlvc7Sq22FyKOkabflFVPnA6HlgbSpCo2J4WiJqmBbLeDFK0X95mV4h0Bt2dsQK9iUwzQh-fO4zKQA2laVXpfTn87ZcXOd9doBaGep8Jus0KR1zO_tYo/s320/IMG_6804.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Picture showing the setup used to measure values for a particular resistor</td></tr>
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11. Video Demonstration for Rube Goldberg Circuit (<a href="https://youtu.be/z1NWg-PpW30">https://youtu.be/z1NWg-PpW30</a>)<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/z1NWg-PpW30/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/z1NWg-PpW30?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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12.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi9WaAkShhATMp1BQcsTuaBxcPFoSoAE9VTyBDWbY8wQOZsBySfLCGthiviojR4WjU-cXeoafS-toz7-0-I5XZjwYRpZsF1fkMX3nJRb5PV7aldLglJwf7OHiB3nMkAOmlt_0Ka8zkHxQ/s1600/IMG_6811.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi9WaAkShhATMp1BQcsTuaBxcPFoSoAE9VTyBDWbY8wQOZsBySfLCGthiviojR4WjU-cXeoafS-toz7-0-I5XZjwYRpZsF1fkMX3nJRb5PV7aldLglJwf7OHiB3nMkAOmlt_0Ka8zkHxQ/s320/IMG_6811.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A schematic diagram of the Rube Goldberg circuit</td></tr>
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13. You could use this motor with a wheel attached to it to charge a capacitor. The wheel would have an LED attached to it which would spin with the DC motor. When the LED passes directly in front of a light sensor the current can be sent through and charge a capacitor which would then release the charge to push a ball. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDapnBbMuJwWGjeG4jnQpUMKU2Wzft3LXO-XLOdN0P2xlCmmioYc60kLbDstWev6PK4fhm8Hdv16ooese_WCSS1ZwYWigZRvJpOLKch9ANpb7r9djaTM6x28eSsMqdRVE8SDEYFbhMgZQ/s1600/20170117_195434.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDapnBbMuJwWGjeG4jnQpUMKU2Wzft3LXO-XLOdN0P2xlCmmioYc60kLbDstWev6PK4fhm8Hdv16ooese_WCSS1ZwYWigZRvJpOLKch9ANpb7r9djaTM6x28eSsMqdRVE8SDEYFbhMgZQ/s640/20170117_195434.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Nick Polegahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08576093897836151309noreply@blogger.com3